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also of interest historic building conservation i understanding conservation edited by michael de jong forsyth 978-1-4051-1172-0 historic building conservation ii materials and skills edited by michael de jong forsyth 978-1-4051-1170-6 historic building conservation iii structures and construction edited by michael de jong forsyth 978-1-4051-1171-3 built cultural heritage derek worthing and stephen bond 978-1-4051-1978-8 building pathology second edition david watt 978-1-4051-6103-9 architectural conservation aylin orba¸ li s 978-0-632-04025-4[close]
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© text and photographs 2007 by dennis rodwell blackwell publishing editorial offices blackwell publishing ltd 9600 garsington road oxford ox4 2dq uk tel +44 01865 776868 blackwell publishing inc 350 main street malden ma 02148-5020 usa tel +1 781 388 8250 blackwell publishing asia pty ltd 550 swanston street carlton victoria 3053 australia tel +61 03 8359 1011 the right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the copyright designs and patents act 1988 all rights reserved no part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise except as permitted by the uk copyright designs and patents act 1988 without the prior permission of the publisher first published 2007 by blackwell publishing ltd isbn 978-1-4051-2656-4 library of congress cataloging-in-publication data rodwell dennis conservation and sustainability in historic cities dennis rodwell 1st ed p cm includes bibliographical references and index isbn-13 978-1-4051-2656-4 pbk alk paper 1 architecture conservation and restoration 2 sustainable architecture 3 historic preservation 4 cultural property protection 5 urban renewal i title na105.r65 2007 720.28´8 dc22 2006036885 set in 10/12.5 pt sabon by newgen imaging systems p ltd chennai india printed and bound in singapore by fabulous printers pte ltd the publisher s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices furthermore the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards for further information on blackwell publishing visit our website www.blackwellpublishing.com/construction[close]
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contents introduction acknowledgements definitions conservation and sustainability 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 conservation background urban planning context sustainability background conservation international initiatives and directions conservation united kingdom position and directions sustainable cities and urban initiatives managing world heritage cities united kingdom managing historic cities the bottom-up approach the coincidence between conservation and sustainability the challenge and the opportunity vii viii ix 1 23 47 64 86 111 133 161 183 204 217 243 251 255 sources bibliography list of figures index v[close]
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introduction urban conservation is a concept that has been with us since at least the 1960s sustainable development is a concept that originated in the 1980s and has become one of the core agendas of our time although their roots are different conservation and sustainability share common ground this book sets out to examine how these issues relate to each other in the context of historic cities it aims to identify weaknesses in current philosophy and practice in urban conservation set out the relationship between successful architectural conservation and wider agendas of sustainability and cultural identity summarise the communality of approach and practice that needs to be fostered and developed between a complex range of interrelated issues and disciplines enhance both the perceived relevance of architectural conservation and its level of attainment extend the achievement of the goals of sustainability in the context of historic cities and highlight the opportunities for conservation and sustainability to work in a partnership of profound strength and mutual achievement previous publications have focused on conservation and sustainability as though they are separate issues perceptions however are changing new linkages are being forged and this book seeks to contribute to this important process the starting point for this book is the united kingdom it draws from examples of theory and practice across europe and elsewhere around the world vii[close]
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acknowledgements the origins of this book date back to two post-graduate dissertations that i prepared at university in the early-1970s one that related to edinburgh the other to countries across western europe over the intervening period the ideas and material that have gone into its preparation owe so much to so many people that it would be invidious to name them individually and risk omitting some of the most influential including many whom i have never met and know only through their work suffice it to say first that the support of colleagues contemporaries and friends in cities as diverse as london bath cambridge derby and edinburgh within the united kingdom and in cities across the length and breadth of continental east and west europe and beyond has been decisive second that my interest and perseverance in architectural and urban conservation and their relationships to modern architecture and town planning owe an enormous debt to the support of the late sir leslie martin my professor at cambridge and a noted modernist in his own professional career he had an inclusive approach to the challenges that budding architects should be prepared for in the future and supported and encouraged me at a time when the topics were even less fashionable in the generality of the schools of architecture than they are today viii[close]
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definitions conservation and sustainability the context of this book is historic cities and the theory and practice of conservation and sustainability in relation to them in the wider environmental sense conservation and sustainability have parallel meanings and are frequently used interchangeably to express the need to manage the world s natural resources and the biosphere in order first to secure long-term harmony between man and nature and second to achieve continuous enhancement in the environment and in the conditions and quality of life for humans and other life forms it is in this broad sense that sustainability is used in this book conservation on the other hand has a much narrower meaning when applied to historic cities the principal root is architectural conservation whose starting points include archaeology and the geocultural diversity and historical evolution of architectural styles building materials and techniques the secondary root of urban conservation is townscape and a morphological and aesthetic approach to the management of change in historic cities neither architectural conservation nor townscape is founded upon a preoccupation with sustainability both however have the potential to make a significant contribution to it ix[close]
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today in most western countries it is the mis-spent wealth in development which is the biggest agent of the destruction of historic cities not physical decay graeme shankland[close]
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chapter 1 conservation background architectural conservation beginnings and evolution the history of modern architectural conservation has been traced to the confluence of christianity and humanism at the time of the italian renaissance and to the recognition of classical antiquity both as an important epoch of the past and a springboard for cultural continuity and creativity monuments whether ruined or otherwise became prized for their inherent architectural and visual qualities as well as for their historical and educational value in short as predominantly today for their architectural and historic interest figure 1.1 by the eighteenth century the age of reason or enlightenment in europe advances in the sciences coupled with an increasingly adventurous interest in the antiquities of greece and rome led to the development of methodologies for verifying facts from primary sources and the founding of modern archaeology and art history the concept of authenticity based on reliable information sources which is a cornerstone of modern conservation philosophy and practice is a product of that time the eighteenth century is also noted for the picturesque movement inspired by romanticised paintings and engravings depicting the landscape and ruins of antiquity and by a growing interest in the medieval period in england this movement expressed itself in the landscaped park and the protection restoration and frequent construction of replica or false ruins for their picturesque value figure 1.2 today ruins which in the united kingdom are classified separately from historic buildings as ancient monuments continue to be prized for their picturesque value and there is a presumption by some against their being brought back into human occupation and practical use the eighteenth century also saw the beginnings of custodianship and systems of protection together with the emergence of a sense of common ownership whereby important works of art and other authentic manifestations of a particular culture are seen as transcending national barriers the collections of many of the great museums and art galleries of the world date 1[close]
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2 conservation and sustainability in historic cities figure 1.1 urbino italy the courtyard of the ducal palace built c.147075 luciano laurana architect the italian renaissance was inspired by classical antiquity which it saw as both a source and an inspiration for its arts and architecture from this time and common ownership and responsibility for both cultural and natural heritage are expressed today primarily through the world heritage convention the nineteenth century in europe saw the spread of the romantic movement the emergence of nationalism and the recognition of cultural diversity and pluralism increasing importance was attached to national regional and local identity and to the preservation of historic buildings works of art and other expressions of individual geocultural identity.[close]
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conservation background 3 figure 1.2 fountains abbey with its ruined twelfth-century cistercian monastery set in an eighteenth-century landscaped parkland represents the apogee of the picturesque movement in england the earliest published use of picturesque has been traced to 1768 when it was defined as `that kind of beauty which would look well in a picture over a time-span of more than five centuries interest in historic buildings has expanded from its beginnings with the ruins of classical antiquity and the monuments of the early-renaissance that they inspired to encompass the romanesque and gothic periods and progressively over time all architectural variants and styles up to and including our own from an initial focus on major individual monuments and ensembles it has spread to include historic gardens domestic architecture and the vernacular the historic areas of cities industrial archaeology the modern movement and[close]
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