p. 1

military science guided weapon an introduction to guided weapons q what do you understand by the term `guidance in guided weapon 17 21 24 27 30 1 guidance guidance implies the ability of a missile to alter the direction of flight after launch and usually to be able to do this until very close to the point of impact or burst q enumerate advantages of a guided weapon system over conventional artillery guns 21 2 a b c d e f q advantages of guided weapon system over conventional artillery guns are long range more lethality more accurate more mobility more economy less troops involvement what are the advantages and disadvantages of guided weapon guided weapon advantages a b c pay load accuracy range disadvantages a b c d logistic handling supply storage and repair extremely expensive ba 4983 maj shahid engrs 1

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p. 2

classification and equipment of guided weapons q 3 4 define guided missile and guided weapon guided missile the equipment that leaves the ground is referred to as the guided missile guided weapon the associated ground equipment radars computers and launchers including the missile is referred to as the guided weapon q 5 a write down the classification of guided weapon according to operational role classification of guided weapon according to operational role surface launched guided weapon or ssgw surface to surface guided weapon systems 1 2 strategic ssgw systems tactical ssgw systems a b 3 bombardment group anti armour group air defense system air to air guided weapons systems air to surface guided weapon systems b air launched guided weapons systems 1 2 q 6 a describe guided weapons with their advantages and disadvantages description of guided weapons with advantages and disadvantages strategic ssgw systems can be compared with manned aircraft 1 2 advantages more accurate to reach the target greater speed enhanced accuracy disadvantages bombers can take more payload once a missile is launched it cannot be recalled or reassigned to a different target 2 ba 4983 maj shahid engrs

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p. 3

b tactical ssgw systems 1 bombardment group a b c 2 a b can be compared with guns free flight rockets and manned aircraft superior to guns in terms of range pay load equipment mobility superior to rockets superior to aircrafts command and control speed of response all weather capability logistic support advantages accurate to kill enemy tank at much longer range preferable as infantry anti tank if not long range light weight similar kill chance easily portable maximum lethality disadvantages minimum range low rates of fire high degree of controller skill inadequate night performance in terms of accuracy in terms of anti armour group comparable with other anti tank gun c air defense system 1 most suitable against the following characteristics of a modern aircraft high speed high altitude stand off capability 3 ba 4983 maj shahid engrs

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p. 4

2 provides defence against the followings aircrafts air launched missiles ground launched missiles d air launched guided weapon 1 air to air guided weapon system air to air missiles greatly increase the performance of fighter aircraft by engaging at longer ranges 2 air to surface guided weapon systems the system provides a stand off capability this permits an aircraft to attack a target from outside the range of the defenses thus improving both the chance of successful attack and the chance of survival of the aircraft q what are the equipment require for surface to surface weapon systems q what are the equipment require for surface to air weapon systems q with the help of diagram explain the surface to surface guided weapon system 11 17 q with diagram explain surface to air weapon system ba 4983 maj shahid engrs 4

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p. 5

surface to surface weapon a missile unit 1 2 3 4 5 propulsion mechanism guidance receiver control mechanism warhead and fuse airframe with controlling surfaces b c d e f launcher unit radar tracker unit radio transmitter unit computer unit servicing organization surface to air weapon a missile unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 b c d propulsion mechanism boosts guidance mechanism control mechanism warhead and fuze airframe with controlling surfaces launcher unit acquisition radar unit tracking radar unit 7 a brief explanation of their functions for surface to surface weapon missile units 1 comprising propulsion mechanism to lift the missile off the surface and give a velocity which will carry it to the target 2 guidance receiver to receive command signals from the ground or to provide intelligence about the missile path 3 control mechanism to act on commands from the guidance receiver and interpret them in terms of control fin motion 4 5 warhead and fuze to destroy the target to contain all the above airframe with controlling surfaces 5 units and give the missile ability to manoeuvre ba 4983 maj shahid engrs

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p. 6

b launcher unit to support the missile before launching and if necessary to aim the missile c d e radar tracker unit to track the missile in flight for control purpose radio transmitter unit to transmit control signals to the missile computer unit to prepare suitable commands for transmission to the missile f servicing organization to prepare and set up the bombardment missile 8 a brief explanation of the functions for surface to air weapons missile unit comprising 1 2 3 4 5 6 propulsion mechanism to maintain the missile at controllable velocity boosts to lift the missile off the surface and to drive it up to a controllable velocity in a very short time guidance mechanism to determine the position of the target with respect to the missile control mechanism to act on the output of the guidance unit to produce the required missile manoeuvre warhead and fuze to destroy the target air frame with controlling surfaces to contain all the above units and to give the missile ability to manoeuvre b c d launcher unit to support the missile before launching and if necessary to aim the missile acquisition radar unit to determine the target to be engaged tracking radar unit to acquire and to track the selected target ba 4983 maj shahid engrs 6

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p. 7

missile components q 1 a b c d e 2 a b c 2 a what are the main component of a guided missile explain each component in brief 18,20,23 the main components of a guided missile are the nose guidance and control unit warhead and fuze propulsion unit and fuel power supply the nose the nose of the missile will normally be pointed like a shell in order to reduce drag at high speed the nose must be transparent to radio waves if the missile is to include a homing guidance system working on radio or radar such a nose which is normally made of a light plastic is called a radome the guidance and control unit the unit contains all the guidance and control circuits and devices required to indicate the followings 1 2 3 b c 3 a the amount of angular movement the rate of rotation the acceleration of the missile if the guidance unit includes a radar aerial mounted in a dish reflector it will be installed in the radome if no radar dish is require this unit may be placed in any convenient position warhead and fuze this is the payload of the missile this may be installed either in the nose or immediately behind the nose depending upon the type of guidance system b the warhead may be in several parts disposed through the length of the missile.the missile all up weight is between 3 and 4 times the warhead weight ba 4983 maj shahid engrs 7

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p. 8

c d e 4 a the fuse mostly used is of the proximity type the only alternative is a command fuse it is remotely triggered for most weapons except anti tank proximity fuze is the most effective for an airburst propulsion unit and fuel the propulsion unit has two functions 1 2 to produce a high thrust for a short time to bring the missile to operational flying speed during boost phase then on to produce a much lower thrust for much longer time to sustain the missile at flying speed to maximum range after boosting b c d e the installation depends upon the type of unit in use and the type of missile for winged missiles the fuel must be disposed symmetrically about the centre of gravity for an unwinged ballistic missile the centre of drag is to the rear of centre of gravity the motor and any fuel pumps required are installed immediately behind the fuel the 5 power supply different ways a missile has to carry all the power required during its flight life the power can be stored within the missile in number of a b c q q 6 a b use of a chordite charge electric batteries clean compressed gas what are the functions of a propulsion unit in a missile what are the main functions of a propulsion unit in a missile 303 the propulsion unit has two functions to produce a high thrust for a short time to bring the missile to operational flying speed during boost phase to produce a much lower thrust for a much longer time to sustain the missile at flying speed to maximum range after boosting ba 4983 maj shahid engrs 8

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p. 9

q q what do you mean by boosting in the case of guided missile explain tandem and wrap around boost 22 27 29 what are the service problem while using boost motor how can you overcome these 7 a boosting to be controllable a winged missile must usually reach a speed near its normal operating speed as rapidly as possible.the method used to accelerate a missile to supersonic velocity is called boosting b powerful rocket motors known as boosters are attached to the missile and they can be discarded when they have expended all their fuel the boost motors normally use solid fuel and are designed to provide a very large thrust for a short time 8 a b service problem two major problems arises from the boost motors first problem the blast from these motors cause considerable dust and debris on the launching position some means needs to be employed to prevent damage to men and equipment second problem the discarded boosts will fall as large metal cylinders some distance from the launcher even it can be broken up by explosive there will be still a considerable quantity of metal falling to the ground non discarding boost can be used but this will seriously reduce the performance of the missile 9 to overcome the problem attaching boosts by adopting following methods of ba 4983 maj shahid engrs 9

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p. 10

tandem boost a consists of one or more than one rocket motor rigidly joined together b fits closely over the boat tail of the missile b a wrap around boost consists of several separate rocket motors usually two four or eight these are individually attached to the the body of the missile near the nose and at the stern c the unit has large stabilizing fins to provide stability c each boost motor is provided with a large stabilizing fin boost is separated when fuel is expended d as soon as the boost fuel is d expended the drag pulls the boost off and it falls away the guided missile q what are the differences between a missile designed to attack a moving target and designed to attack a stationary target 23 to attack a moving target a missile is provided with wings so that it is capable of rapid manoeuvre b missile follows a line of sight path to the target b a to attack a stationary target missile may or may not have small wings but it will have control fins or some means which enable small or gradual changes to be made in the flight path missile follows a ballistic trajectory ba 4983 maj shahid engrs 10

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p. 11

q q q 1 a explain why winged missile is stronger and more rigid than the unwinged missile 31 6 difference between winged and unwinged missile what are classification of missile according to configuration classification of missile according to configuration winged missile 1 2 3 cruciform moving wings fixed wings b wingless missile difference winged missile 1 the winged missile is stronger and more rigid because of the following reasons a it is subjected to both longitudinal and lateral forces b the body has to provide a firm anchorage for the wings and other c components 1 unwinged missile the unwinged or ballistic missile can have a body of very light construction because it is mainly subjected to longitudinal thrust of the motor it has to withstand large bending forces during lateral manoeuvre ba 4983 maj shahid engrs 11

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p. 12

2 a b c d e f 3 a b cruciform for winged missile the cruciform arrangement is the most widely used at present four wings are attached in quadrature ie at 90 degrees to one another usually four control fins also in quadrature are set either in line with or indexed with respect to the main wings fins may be either ahead of the main wings the canard layout or astern of them this arrangement is not common each pair of wings can produce a force or lift acting at right angles to the span of the pair to produce a force the wings must be given an angle of attack in the correct direction moving wing in this configuration the missile has only two wings which are mounted on pivots to allow them to be moved through a limited angle fins usually four are mounted astern of the wings.these fins which are fixed and immovable can be either in line with or indexed to the wings they act only as stabilizers and are not control surfaces c each wing can be moved to achieve either a positive or negative angle of attack if the leading edge of a wing moves upwards then the wing will assume a positive angle of attack if leading edge moves downwards the wing assumes a negative angle of attack d e f if both wings are moved through the same angle and in the same direction say a positive angle of attack then the missile will climb if the wings are moved through equal angles but in opposite directions then the missiles roll about its longitudinal axis to manoeuvre the missile it is first rolled until the axis of the wings is at right angles to the plane containing the desired course the wings are then used to cause the missile to climb or drive as required 4 fixed wings missile with two fixed wings bear a strong resemblance to conventional aircraft and the method of control is much the same except that the controls are operated from the ground or from a parent aircraft ba 4983 maj shahid engrs 12

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p. 13

5 a b c q 6 wingless missiles no wings to support the weight of the missile when airborne or to provide large surfaces for rapid manoeuvre the flight path is normally a ballistic trajectory much the same as that followed by a shell it has a cylindrical body with a pointed nose and four fins at the rear the fins are arranged in quadrate explain with diagram the canard layout of winged missile 28 canard layout for winged missile the cruciform arrangement is the most widely used at present four wings are attached in quadranture i.e at 90 to one another and usually four control fins also in quadrature are set either in line with or indexed with respect to the main wings the fins may be either ahead of the main wings the canard layout or astern of them q 7 a b c d q 8 what are the method used to correct the flight path of wingless missiles 28 30 4 correction of the missile course can be affected by using one of the following methods small control surfaces hinged at the trailing edges of the stabilizing fins carbon vanes connected to the control fins fitted in the exhaust stream of the rocket motor auxiliary motors arranged so that their thrust is applied at an angle to the missile axis tilting the main motor what is mach number mach number missile speeds can be expressed in terms of mach number represented by the letter m it is the ratio of the speed of the missile to the speed of sound missile speed m sound speed ba 4983 maj shahid engrs 13

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p. 14

q 9 what do you understand by camber 25 2 camber camber refers to the rise of a curve of an airfoil section camber is usually expressed as the ratio of the departure of the curve from a straight line joining the extremities of the curve to the length of this straight line upper camber refers to the upper surface lower camber to the lower surface and mean camber to the mean line of the section camber is positive when the departure is out ward and negative when it is inward q what do u understand by drag and stability in relatioin to basic flight terminology 31 4 10 drag the resistance of an object to the flow of air around it is called drag.drag is due in part to the adhering of air to a surface boundry layer and in part to the piling up of air in front of the object one of the main objectives in aerodynamics is to reduce this resistance yet maintain a high amount of lift and stability 11 stability a stable body is one which returns to its initial position after it has been disturbed by some outside force if outside forces disturb a stable aircraft from its normal flight the aircraft tends to return eventually to its original position principles of guidance and control q 1 a b c d e what are the requirements guided weapon must be able to meet 31 5 a guided weapon must be able to meet the following requirements know the position of the target know the route to the target control the missile correct the route in light of new information concerning the target ensure that the missile is not asked to perform manoeuvres which are beyond its structural strength ba 4983 maj shahid engrs 14

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p. 15

q q what are the three phases of guidance of a missile 19 explain the phases of guidance of a missile from launch to target 28 3 2 guidance of a missile from launch to target may be considered in three phases one system of guidance may be adequate for all three phases or a different system may be necessary for each phase a initial guidance this phase is sometimes referred to as gathering the missile rises into the air at comparatively low speed and it can suffer quite severe disturbances initially after the first few second of flight the missile may be some direction before launching the missile distance off the desired path even if the launcher was pointed in the right b so the missile needs to be gathered into the correct path mid course guidance this phase of guidance is used between the end of initial guidance and the beginning of terminal guidance to keep the missile flying in the right direction c terminal guidance this phase is used to direct the missile finally on to the target as the missile approaches the target the system become increasingly accurate to hit or kill the target 27 what are the two main functions of control system explain briefly 16,26 4 28 29 30 what is altitude control of a missile 14 22 describe yaw pitch and roll 14 22 25 4 what is altitude of a missile using diagram explain yaw pitch and roll 29 6 15 ba 4983 maj shahid engrs

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