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topic 3 revolution in france 4º eso 1

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topic 3 revolution in france 4º eso topic 2 revolution in france 1 what were the long-term causes of the french revolution in 1789 2 the first stage of the french revolution 1787-89 3 the spread of the revolution and the execution of the king 1789-1793 3.1 violent revolutionary mobs take control in july 1789 3.2 why was the king executed by the revolutionaries on 21st january 1793 4 what were the consequences of the french revolution 4.1 the short-term effects 4.2 the long-term effects 4.3 the impact of the revolution outside france revolution in france political stages · louis xvi 1774-1793 · 1789 louis xvi called the estates general the oath in the tennis court june 1789 the storming of the bastille july 14 1789 the declaration of the rights of man and citizen august 1789 the constitution 1791 execution of the king january 1793 · national convention 1792-1795 girondin rule 1792-1793 jacobin rule /reign of terror 1793-1794 thermidorian reaction 1794-1795 · the directory 1795-1799 · coup d etat by napoleon 1799 napoleon is proclaimed first consul concordat with the catholic church 1801 · napoleon consul for life 1802 the civil code 1804 · napoleon emperor 1804-1815 2

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topic 3 revolution in france 4º eso 1 what were the long-term causes of the french revolution in 1789 long-term causes of the french revolution 1 the ancien regime was old-fashioned and unjust and was ripe for change king louis xvi and his wife marie antoinette ruled france the king had total power he regarded himself as god s representative on earth divine right of kings and lived in luxury in palaces like versailles 2 french society was organized into three estates groups the first two estates church and nobility enjoyed great privileges but most people belonged to the third estate which had no privileges and had to pay all the taxes this system was called the ancient regime the king presided over a country which was divided into three estates · · the first estate was the clergy of the catholic church most bishops were very rich land-owners and the peasants paid taxes tithes to them the second estate was the nobility they owned most of the land in france they owned chateaux and were paid taxes by the peasants as rent for the use of the land the third estate was the people they included business people professional people town workers rural peasants and landless labourers · french society in the late eighteenth century 3

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topic 3 revolution in france 4º eso 3 economic factors the privileges of ruling classes are not enough to explain why the revolution happened there were other factors that helped cause the revolution as well in the 1700 s the cost of living was rising fast but wages remained low the french economy was doing badly in the 1780 s there were bad harvests in 1787 and 1788 the french government was getting heavily into debt so it kept increasing taxes there was a growing list of complaints by the nobles and by the third estate against taxes the king s government was trying to make them pay 4 new ideas there were also new ideas spreading in the 1700 s many french businessmen and professional people began to question the way the country was governed they were influence by jean jacques rousseau s book the social contract man is born free no man has any natural authority over others force does not give anyone that right the power to make laws belongs to the people and only to the people from a pamphlet banned by the french government in 1775 commenting the social contract 1762 the american revolution of 1776 also inspired some people in france to fight for their freedom the british were thrown out of america by george washington s armies which included many french volunteers declaration of independence in 1776 included such ideas as people are born equal people have rights and the government should govern in the interests of the people causes of the french revolution 4

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topic 3 revolution in france 4º eso activities causes of the french revolution 1 this cartoon was produced in the 1780 s and is a comment on the social situation in france at that time it can be used to help explain the causes of the french revolution of 1789 you have two tasks for this piece of homework you should use your knowledge and evidence from your lessons on the causes of the french revolution to help you complete the tasks a label the three figures in the cartoon by writing in the spaces provided o o o peasant priest noble b use your own knowledge to explain how the cartoon can be used to describe the causes of the french revolution 5

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topic 3 revolution in france 4º eso c fill in the gaps on this sheet using the words at the bottom of the page there was a revolution in in 1789 the ruler of france before the revolution was king xvi his wife was queen king louis xvi lived in his palace at near paris one of the reasons why there was a revolution in france in 1789 is that the king ran out of he spent lots of money on two wars with one was in 1756 and another one was in 1778 in the second war the french were helping the break away from british control another cause of the french revolution was the problem faced by the they were so poor that they did not have enough money to feed their families this was made worse when the crops failed to grow the failed in 1787 and 1788 another cause of the french revolution was that the two groups in france would not give the king more money the and the had lots of land and money but would not pay more this left the king unable to find more money a final reason why the french had a revolution in 1789 was ideas a new set of ideas called the attacked the power of the king and the church these made lots of ordinary french people think that they should have some of the power of the i am a lord i have lots of money and do not want to pay any extra taxes to the king taxes peasants americans louis marie antoinette government i am a peasant i have nothing when the crops fail to grow the prices rise and i starve i am a bishop of the church i have lots of money but i do not want to give the king any extra taxes either money enlightenment britain lords france rich church versailles harvest i am king louis xvi i have run out of money fighting the british perhaps the lords and the church could give me some more taxes 6

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topic 3 revolution in france 4º eso 2 the first stage of the french revolution 1787-89 by the 1780 s many french people were angry with their ruler king louis xvi and the way he ran the country although the french government was running out of money the king s nobles still led a luxurious life and paid no taxes by 1787 the french government was bankrupt as the figures show income spending total debt 560 million livres 630 million livres 4000 million livres france had spent a great deal of money fighting wars against britain some french people accused queen marie antoinette of spending too much money the harvest problem 1787-89 in three years 1787-89 heavy rain hard winters and hot dry summers led to three very poor harvests farmers and peasants had smaller incomes and town workers had to pay higher prices for their food town workers were also being made unemployed as the rural workers had less money to buy goods made in towns the king and the estates general by 1788 the government had no money left at al in august 1788 the desperate king decided to call the estates general a gathering of representatives from all three estates this had last happened in 1614 the three estates met in separate buildings on may 1789 each group had different expectations · · · · the king hoped the estates general would approve new taxes the nobles along with the clergy hoped for concessions from the king the middle class hoped to create and english-style democracy the peasants hoped for an end to the suffering caused by high taxes and a series of bad harvest the national assembly the national assembly began on 19 june 1789 radical nobles and priests were responsible for leading the assembly and deciding that they should draw up a constitution showing how france was to be governed on 20 june the members of this illegal assembly met in the royal tennis court at versailles to swear an oath that they would not leave until the king met their demands finally the king agreed to the setting up of a national assembly 7

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topic 3 revolution in france 4º eso activities the first stage of the french revolution 2 the tennis court 8

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topic 3 revolution in france 4º eso 3 the spread of the revolution and the execution of the king 1789-1793 3.1 the storming of the bastille and the new constitution the paris mob hungry because of poor harvests and impatient took the law into its own hands on july 1789 the mob attacked the prison in paris the bastille freed it prisoners and stole guns and ammunition this dramatic event is known as the storming of the bastille throughout france the peasants too had become impatient they took part in a widespread but unorganized series of attacks on the chateaux and palaces of their feudal lords the whole country is in greatest agitation many chateaux have been burned and others plundered the lords hunted down like beasts their feudal documents burned travels in france arthur young 1792 the storming of the bastille louis xvi beheaded at the guillotine august to september 1789 on the 4th august 1789 the assembly passed a law ending all feudal privileges and unjust taxation there were to be no more church tithes no feudal dues and no more private companies keeping part of the taxation between the 12th -26th august the assembly issued the declaration of the rights of man finally the assembly voted to write a french constitution to organize a government of liberty over the next two years 1789-1791 the members of the three estates as the assembly worked together worked together to hammer out a new constitution for france the main features of this constitution were · · · · a new national convention was to be elected by men who were well off enough to pay taxes a new currency and taxation system was introduced to cover the whole france the church lost its land to the state and lost its power to tax its tenants tithes priests had to be elected and make oaths of loyalty to france and not to the pope 9

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topic 3 revolution in france 4º eso activities the storming of the bastille and the new constitution 3 analyse the text declaration of the rights of man 1789 approved by the national assembly of france august 26 1789 articles 1 men are born and remain free and equal in rights social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good 2 the rights of men are liberty property security and resistance to oppression 3 the principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation nobody nor individual may exercise any authority which does not proceed directly from the nation 4 liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights these limits can only be determined by law 6 law is the expression of the general will every citizen has a right to participate personally or through his representative in its foundation it must be the same for all whether it protects or punishes all citizens being equal in the eyes of the law are equally eligible to all dignities and to all public positions and occupations according to their abilities and without distinction except that of their virtues and talents 11 the free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man every citizen may accordingly speak write and print with freedom but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law 3.1 after reading the text · · · · which parts of the declaration are fair which people of france previously did not have equal rights which people in france still were not equal despite the declaration explain your answer article 3 it is against what 4 the new constitution 1791 4.1 explain how changes in the constitution affected 10

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topic 3 revolution in france 4º eso a b c d the the the the king local government economy church 4.2 which of these changes do you think was most important why 4.3 which people might not have agreed with the new constitution consider members of the three estates 3.2 why was the king executed by the revolutionaries on 21st january 1793 the personality of the king and queen made it difficult for people to love them like his father and grandfather louis xvi believed that he was god s servant and that this gave him the power to make laws louis was dominated by his strong-willed wife marie antoinette the sister of the emperor of austria she was the subject of many rumours about her lavish spending on clothes and jewels during the night of 20th-21st june louis and his family in disguise and carrying false papers of identity left paris unfortunately for louis he was recognized along the route and at varennes a mob prevented the coach from proceeding he was brought back to paris 25th june le famille des cochons ramenée à l etable after a long debate the national assembly decided to keep the monarch the king took and oath of loyalty to the constitution but many people in the assembly and throughout france knew the king did not believe in the new system of government on april 1792 france declared war on austria french were military defeated and unluckily for the king many people in france blamed him for the defeat and for the higher food prices and starvation that the war caused on 10th august 1792 mobs of starving people supported by soldiers stormed louis xvi s tuilleries palace and arrested him on 21st september 1792 announced that france was a republic on 26th december 1792 the members of the convention put the king on trial the king had lawyers but he could not call witnesses he was charged with bankrupting france that he was disloyal to the new constitution and that he was plotting against the revolution 11

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topic 3 revolution in france 4º eso louis denied the charges but he was found guilty by a majority of just 374 votes to 321 the convention court voted that louis should be executed by guillotine on 21st january 1793 the king was executed activities 5 read the texts and answer the questions 5.1 read source 3 what words or phrases does the writer use to give an atmosphere of fun and festivity on louis xvi execution how does the writer present louis in a negative way 5.2 read source 4 how does this writer present louis in a more positive way 5.3 how could an historian find out which of sources 3 or 4 is more reliable extension write a newspaper report for le news on louis execution you ll need a headline a picture and as many details of the event as you can find remember how articles should be written 12

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topic 3 revolution in france 4º eso 4 what were the consequences of the french revolution 4.1 the short-term effects the period following louis s execution became known as the terror in france in years 1793-1794 thousands of people suspected of anti-revolutionary activities or of helping france s enemies were sent to the guillotine we need to look at the situation in france to understand why the reign of terror began · · · · · in january 1793 the king was executed in february it was clear that the war was still going badly for france in march there was a peasant revolt in vendée in defence of the church and baby king in august the jacobins declared that terror is the order of the day by the late summer many areas of france were rebelling against the new radical jacobin government because of these threats to the stability of france the convention took emergency measures it set up a committee of public safety with aimed at allowing the revolution to survive during a crisis one of the leading figures of the committee was robespierre the committee shall talk in secret it shall be responsible for watching over the work of the government under the critical circumstances it is authorized to take measures to defend the revolution against internal and external enemies decree by convention april 1793 on committee of public safety the terror took revenge on old france one of the first to be executed was marie-antoinette nobles failed generals and anyone thought to be a royalist were guillotined but it was not just the former members of the first and second estates who suffered at his hands of the 12,000 or so who were guillotined 1031 were nobles 2923 were from middle classes 674 were from the clergy and around 8000 were workers and peasants eventually people got sick of all the killing and by mid-1794 the terror had died out as the austrian threat decreased so too did the need for the emergency government many now looked for someone to blame for the reign of terror the leading jacobin robespierre found himself at the centre of the blame and was arrested and locked up in july 1794 robespierre found himself facing the same fate as thousands of other french people the guillotine the execution of robespierre 13

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topic 3 revolution in france 4º eso after the terror ended in 1794 the constitution changed yet again the jacobins and sansculottes were forced out of power and politicians tried to find a moderate form of government that french people would support it was decided that there should be five directors who would see that laws were carried out however the directory had serious problems to deal with and by 1798 they had reached a crisis point as things got worse for the directory in france one of the directors began to look round for a general who could control france the choice fell on napoleon he had proved himself as a brilliant general in wars across europe and africa and this made him famous and popular in france in 1799 napoleon secretly left his armies who were still fighting in egypt for france when he landed people of all opinions welcomed him on 11th november 1799 napoleon seized power activities the short term effects of the french revolution 6 using sources 4 and 5 what examples of particular horrors are there explain at least 3 in full 14

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topic 3 revolution in france 4º eso 7 look at the cartoon does it criticize or support the coup d etat by napoleon explain your answer the corsican crocodile dissolving the council of frogs 4.2 the long-term effects of the french revolution napoleon brings law and order to france france was suffering as a result of ten years of war and revolution he introduced a new constitution and named himself first consul of france in 1802 napoleon made an agreement with the pope and catholicism was accepted as the main religion of the french people in 1804 napoleon announced that he was now emperor and in a ceremony attended by the pope crowned himself consecration of the emperor napoleon i and coronation of the empress josephine 15

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