p. 1

[close]

p. 2

cctv surveillance

[close]

p. 3

this page intentionally left blank

[close]

p. 4

cctv surveillance analog and digital video practices and technology second edition by herman kruegle amsterdam · boston · heidelberg · london · new york · oxford paris · san diego · san francisco · singapore · sydney · tokyo butterworth­heinemann is an imprint of elsevier

[close]

p. 5

senior acquisitions editor assistant editor marketing manager project manager cover designer compositor cover printer text printer/binder mark listewnik kelly weaver christian nolin jeff freeland eric decicco integra software services pvt ltd phoenix color corp the maple-vail book manufacturing group elsevier butterworth­heinemann 30 corporate drive suite 400 burlington ma 01803 usa linacre house jordan hill oxford ox2 8dp uk copyright © 2007 elsevier inc all rights reserved exceptions copyright for many of the photos is not held by the publisher please see the photo credits section on the next page for copyright information on these photos no part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher permissions may be sought directly from elsevier s science technology rights department in oxford uk phone 44 1865 843830 fax 44 1865 853333 e-mail permissions@elsevier.com you may also complete your request on-line via the elsevier homepage http elsevier.com by selecting support contact then copyright and permission and then obtaining permissions recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written elsevier prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible library of congress cataloging-in-publication data kruegle herman cctv surveillance analog and digital video practices and technology herman kruegle 2nd ed p cm isbn-13 978-0-7506-7768-4 casebound alk paper isbn-10 0-7506-7768-6 casebound alk paper 1 closed-circuit television design and construction 2 television in security systems i title tk6680.k78 2005 621.389 28 dc22 2005022280 british library cataloguing-in-publication data a catalogue record for this book is available from the british library isbn-13 978-0-7506-7768-4 isbn-10 0-7506-7768-6 for information on all butterworth­heinemann publications visit our web site at www.books.elsevier.com printed in the united states of america 06 07 08 09 10 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 working together to grow libraries in developing countries www.elsevier.com www.bookaid.org www.sabre.org

[close]

p. 6

photo credits the publisher and author would like to thank the listed manufacturers for the photographs used in the figures accele electronics allan broadband american dynamics avida 8-9a 8-9b 25-14a 12-1 17-1e 2-7c 2-7e 2-7g 2-7h 2-16a 2-16b 2-17a 2-17b 2-17c 2-17d 2-17e 2-17f 4-18a 4-27c 4-27d 4-27e 4-30 4-33a 4-33b 4-36 4-37 4-38 4-40 15-2a 15-2c 15-8a 15-8c 15-10b 15-12 15-15a 15-15b 16-7 18-5a 18-6a 18-6b 18-7 18-10 18-11a 18-11b 18-14a 18-14b 18-20a 18-23d 18-24 19-22a 19-22b 21-2a 21-2b 21-4a 21-4b 21-4c 22-4a 22-4c 22-5 22-10b 22-10c 22-23a 22-23b 22-25 22-26 22-27 5-14b 7-28a 7-34a 7-34b 7-35a 7-35b 15-9a 4-14a 7-36a 2-10a 2-10f 17-24 18-19b 6-35a 7-36b 13-8a 25-13b 23-11a 23-11c 25-15a 25-21a 25-21b 4-14b 2-26d 17-22a 9-12c 15-2d 15-7d 15-10d 15-13 22-10b 13-8c 13-8d 6-28 6-30 2-10c 4-38 8-5a 7-36c 25-22a 25-22b 6-28 6-30 2-15b 16-6a 16-6b 25-14b 25-1a 25-2a 25-2b 25-2c 25-6a 25-10 25-11 14-8c 14-8d 15-10c 25-15b 8-16a 2-28a 10-1 axis communications cbc america canon usa casio usa cohu inc controp usa cop-usa dell star d-link digispec fm systems global solar gossen greenlee gyrozoom hitachi honeywell security icu ifs/ge security ikegami electronics u.s.a inc integral tech intellicom international fiber systems ipix instrumentation tech systems keithley leader instruments lowering systems mace mannix marshall mitsubishi

[close]

p. 7

nvt omniscope panasonic security systems parkut pelco pentax radiant rainbow rf-links remote video surveillance sanyo security products sagebrush technology selectronic semco sohoware sony electronics smarter systems tektronix thorlabs trango uni-solar ovonic vicon videolarm watec winsted 6-9a 6-9b 2-15a cover image bottom 2-10b 2-26a 2-26c 2-27b 2-27c 5-14a 8-9d 14-4b 14-5b 14-6a 15-2b 17-2 18-20b 20-4a 20-4b 20-5b 22-26 22-27 14-5c 15-7c 15-14b 15-17 17-1a 17-1c 17-11b 2-7a 2-14 4-12a 13-8b 4-12b 4-19 4-22a 4-22b 18-25b 9-12b cover image middle right 2-27a 5-14c 8-5b 8-9c 9-12a 14-1a 15-6c 15-6d 15-10a 17-1d 17-14 8-10a 6-38c 7-10 4-26 4-31 5-22 7-28b 14-1b 14-4a 17-22b 23-13 25-1b 25-1c 25-6b 25-13a 25-17 6-35b 6-35c 23-11b 2-26b 2-30a 2-30c 14-3 14-5a 14-5d 14-6b 15-1a 15-1b 15-5 15-6a 15-6b 15-9b 15-11 15-14a 15-14c 15-19b 17-1b 17-10a 17-11a 2-29e 14-7a 14-7b 14-7c 14-8a 14-8b 15-7a 15-8b 15-8d 15-9c 15-14d 15-19a 17-13 17-15a 17-15b 22-4b 18-19a 18-19c 20-2a 20-2b 20-3a 20-3b

[close]

p. 8

for carol

[close]

p. 9

this page intentionally left blank

[close]

p. 10

contents foreword preface acknowledgments xi xiii xv part 1 chapter 1 chapter 2 chapter 3 chapter 4 chapter 5 chapter 6 chapter 7 chapter 8 chapter 9 chapter 10 chapter 11 chapter 12 chapter 13 chapter 14 chapter 15 chapter 16 chapter 17 chapter 18 chapter 19 chapter 20 chapter 21 chapter 22 chapter 23 chapter 24 chapter 25 chapter 26 chapter 27 chapter 28 video s critical role in the security plan video technology overview natural and artificial lighting lenses and optics cameras analog digital and internet analog video voice and control signal transmission digital transmission video communications control analog monitors and digital displays analog digital video recorders hard copy video printers video switchers quads and multiplexers video motion detectors dome cameras integrated cameras camera housings and accessories electronic video image splitting reversal and annotation camera pan/tilt mechanisms covert video surveillance low-light-level cameras thermal infrared imagers control room/console design rapid deployment video systems applications and solutions sample scenarios system power sources video-security systems integration video system test equipment video check list education standards certification new video technology 1 13 47 71 109 145 199 251 275 305 321 341 353 373 387 405 415 445 469 497 507 513 553 577 583 601 605 609 615 639 643 part 2 glossary bibliography index ix

[close]

p. 11

this page intentionally left blank

[close]

p. 12

foreword a few years ago i had the privilege of addressing a congressional subcommittee on technology and procurement policy chaired by congressman tom davis in addition to examining gsa s efforts to secure federal buildings the subcommittee was interested in hearing and learning about new physical security technology when i leaf through the pages of this book i again realize the enormity of the task undertaken by the subcommittee the necessity for doing so and the importance of this type of information to not only security professionals but now to it professionals as well closed circuit television cctv and other related video security and surveillance technology has advanced further and faster in the period from 2001 to 2005 than in any prior comparable time period ip cameras mapping servers platforms lans wans and vpns wireless digital migration algorithms etc are all converging along with other related security system technologies such as access control life safety intrusion alarms etc with the intent to configure fully integrated systems this is the new direction for the security industry as digital technology has become pervasive across all product lines opening the door to more software-oriented control platforms on the enterprise level so who is the better person to chronicle explain and put these terms and technology into perspective than herman kruegle one of the industry s foremost experts on video surveillance and related technologies i have had the privilege of knowing and working with herman for many years he is a consummate professional who has the innate ability to explain the technical aspects of this emerging technology in a manner we can all understand and put into practice herman s first book cctv surveillance ­ video practices and technology is considered by most of us in the industry to be the bible of cctv and i fully expect this revised edition will rise to even greater popularity in the pages following readers will find concise and intelligent descriptions of the analog and digital video practices and technology we have all grown up with but more important herman has included in this revised edition his explanation of the newest audio/video information technology av/it developments products utilizing the technology and applications for same security professionals system integrators architects and engineers it managers or end users who are looking for a resource to help them navigate this complex field of ip video security will not be disappointed the material is well researched and thoughtfully laid out to help insure the reader s understanding and to hopefully allow them to go on to designing installing and using digital video surveillance to its fullest capacity frank abram xi

[close]

p. 13

this page intentionally left blank

[close]

p. 14

preface following the same philosophy contained in the first edition the second edition is written for and contains information valuable to the end-user as well as the technical practitioner each chapter begins with an overview and then presents equipment available with their characteristics features and application the first edition of cctv surveillance in 1995 asked the question why write a cctv surveillance book at that time analog cctv had progressed from a vacuum tube to a solid state technology that provided reliable longlife small cameras produced at prices affordable for most security applications a decade later significant advances have been made in camera sensors computers and digital transmission technology to warrant a complete review of cctv s role in the security industry the migration from legacy analog components to digital technology and the emergence of the internet have accelerated the utilization of internet protocol ip video and remote monitoring in security the internet has permitted the widespread interconnection of other technologies including intrusion and fire and intrusion alarm systems access control and other communications and control the ease of interconnection afforded by digital transmission of video and other pertinent security data anywhere in a facility local environment or globally engenders a new meaning to video transmission and remote viewing the explosion of high-capacity magnetic disk solid state and optical data storage memories has permitted the generation of new products including digital video recorders dvr and data compression algorithms to compress and store video images and replace the time-honored magnetic video cassette recorder vcr in this second edition of cctv surveillance i have attempted to add these new technologies to the nonchanging basic technologies covered in the first edition physics does not change only the technology and products do this new revised edition of cctv surveillance includes the new digital video technology and contains eight new chapters chapter 7 chapter chapter chapter chapter chapter chapter chapter 10 12 14 20 21 24 25 digital transmission video communications and control hard copy video printers quads and multiplexers dome cameras control room/console design rapid deployment video systems video-security systems integration video system test equipment chapter 7 wired and wireless digital transmission represents possibly the most significant technology advancement in the video security industry it makes use of the internet and intranets for remote video data and audio communication over existing hard wire communication links chapter 7 includes an analysis of digital wireless video transmission using the family of 802.11x protocol spread spectrum technology sst prior to 1995­98 the internet was not available for commercial use and remote video monitoring and control was accomplished primarily over existing telephone lines or expensive satellite links with limited functionality ease of installation camera addressing and identification using ip cameras has opened a new vista in video transmission and remote monitoring chapter 10 this chapter describes the new technological advances made in hard-copy printers that improve the quality and reduce the cost of monochrome and color video printouts the advances in ink-jet and laser printer technologies using inexpensive large solid state memories and high resolution linear ccd imagers have been driven by the consumer and business markets and have given the security industry access to low-cost color hard copy prints rivaling photographic resolution and quality chapter 12 while available in 1995 multiplexers have taken on new importance because of the significant xiii

[close]

p. 15

xiv preface increase in the number of cameras used in a typical security installation and their ability to be integrated into dvrs that were not available five years ago chapter 14 dome cameras are now everywhere in security systems in 1995 they were used primarily in selected locations casinos department stores supermarkets malls and in outdoor parking lot applications the public at large has accepted their presence almost everywhere domes are easy to install and can be small and aesthetic dome cameras are adjustable in pointing direction manual or motorized pan and tilt and many have motorized zoom lenses to change the camera field of view fov the use of small dome cameras has exploded because of significant cost reduction and sophistication of pointing and zooming capabilities fast pan/tilt camera modules with remote control via analog or digital communications over two-wire or wireless communication links are reasons for their popularity chapter 20 consoles and control rooms have become more complex and require more design attention for their successful implementation this chapter analyzes the console and security control room with regard to lighting monitor locations operator control placement and the other human factors required for guard efficiency and comfort chapter 21 there has always been a requirement for a transportable rapid deployment security rds systems having video and alarm intrusion equipment for protecting personnel and assets the post-911 era with real terror threats has initiated the need for rds equipment to protect military government business and other personnel on travel the majority of these systems consist of alarm intrusion and analog or digital video viewing system these rds systems are carried from one location to another and deployed quickly to set up an alarm perimeter and realtime video monitoring and recording analog or digital transmission allows local or remote monitoring after use the rds equipment is disassembled and stored in its carrying case ready for another deployment the much smaller size of the video and alarm equipment has accelerated its use and acceptance chapter 22 the video applications chapter has been updated and expanded to include digital video applications including the combination of legacy analog and ip cameras one video monitoring application uses on-site local networks and a second application uses the internet and ip cameras signal routers and servers for remote site video monitoring security applications require complete integration of communication video alarm access control and fire to provide monitoring by the local security force and corporate executives at a local or remote sites the integration of these security functions provides the safety and security necessary to protect personnel and assets at any facility chapter 25 installation and maintenance of video equipment requires the use of video and computer test equipment prior to the widespread use of digital technology in security systems a limited range of test equipment was used now with the many computer interfaces and internet protocols and connection to the internet more sophisticated test equipment and some knowledge of software and computer programming is necessary parameters to be tested and monitored include a video signal level and quality b control data signals for pan tilt zoom focus and c digital signal protocols for multiplexers ip cameras signal routers and servers dvrs etc.

[close]