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table of contents chapter 1 introduction 2 chapter 2 html basics 7 chapter 3 basic html page structure 14 chapter 4 displaying text 24 chapter 5 formatting text 27 chapter 6 creating lists 35 chapter 7 hyperlinks 38 chapter 8 tables 40 chapter 9 page layout 45 chapter 10 multimedia 48 chapter 11 input forms 51 chapter 12 frames 63 chapter 13 creating scripts 64 chapter 14 advanced html features 68 chapter 15 writing secure html 73 reference 75 creative commons license cc-by-nc-nd 96 1

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chapter 1 introduction what is html html stands for hypertext markup language hypertext means being able to be accessed through the internet markup language means codes that allow the author to decide how information is supposed to appear in the web browser html is the main markup language for web pages html consists of html elements which are the basic building-blocks of web pages when you use a web browser your web browser downloads the html document from the web server and renders those html elements into a visible page html elements provide the structure to a web page such as headings paragraphs lists links quotes and so on other languages such as cascading style sheets css allow the web page to be styled you can also use html to embed scripts into the web page which allow the web page to become interactive each language provides a specific function html is for structure css is for presentation and javascript is for advanced interaction illustration 1 a basic diagram of how an html file is converted into a visible page on the user s computer in summary html gives author s the means to ·publish online documents with headings text tables lists photos etc ·retrieve online information via hypertext links at the click of a button 2

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·design forms for conducting transactions with remote services for use in searching for information making reservations ordering products etc ·include spread-sheets video clips sound clips and other applications directly in their documents what is the difference between html html 4.01 and xhtml when html was first created it was only being developed with basic functionality such as the ability to create hyperlinks show text and perform other basic abilities over time html was updated to include new features such as file uploading and frames the latest standard is called html 4.01 and includes all the important features of the previous versions xhtml is another markup language that is taught in this course the x in xhtml stands for extended and allows for adding additional functionality to html pages there is also html 5 which includes even more capabilities but these capabilities are generally more advanced than the intended scope of this course we will be devoting an entire course to html 5 so all the features can be learned completely and thoroughly all of this material will be covered in detail in further chapters at this time its simply important to know that html started with the first version of html and over time more features were added to the language html 4.01 is the final standard in html going forward the new standards are being added to html 5 before you can learn html 5 you must first understand basic html which is html 4.01 and xhtml 1.1 there are some important differences between html 4.01 and xhtml 1.1 that we will be covering in later chapters getting started as we just learned html simply consists of information with html elements these html elements are used to markup that information with that being said you don t need any complex software to get started writing your first web pages you only need a way to write your html elements in plain text txt extension if you are using the windows operating system then we will be using notepad it s already installed on your computer and should be located at start button programs accessories notepad find that program and open it up if you are using a different operating system then use any text editor that can save in plain text with a .txt extension 3

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illustration 2 the microsoft version of notepad we will be writing all of our html code into these text editors then saving them with a .txt extension when that is accomplished we will change the extension to .html or .htm the icon for the file should change to your default web browser when you open a file with a .htm or .html extension your web browser will use the html tags to create the web page these html documents can also be uploaded to a web server and accessed by anyone with a web browser what is covered in this course this course consists of 15 chapters and 15 lectures the 15 chapters are similar to a standard textbook you would read in a classroom setting and covers all the information you need to know in order to successfully use html in a professional setting the 15 lectures cover everything in the textbook with hands on demonstrations and examples that you can follow the lectures are also interactive and adaptive what this means is that periodically you will be asked to answer a multiple choice question or solve a problem based on your results the video lecture course adapts to your needs if you answer many questions wrong then you will be required to listen to additional information and solve additional problems until mastery of the concept is achieved with that being said there is no homework for this course as all the work will be required to be finished during the lectures if you wish to obtain a certificate of 4

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completion then you will need to complete all 15 lectures the midterm and the final exam with a 90 or better chapter chapter 1 introduction chapter 2 html basics chapter 3 basic html page structure chapter 4 displaying text chapter 5 formatting text chapter 6 creating lists chapter 7 hyperlinks chapter 8 tables chapter 9 page layout chapter 10 multimedia chapter 11 input forms chapter 12 frames chapter 13 creating scripts chapter 14 advanced html features chapter 15 writing secure html description a brief review of what html is and what this course covers covers html elements and attributes build your first basic html page creating basic text and marking it up adding additional formatting to text covers creating lists of all varieties covers how to create links to other web sites covers how to create tables to organize data covers how to add styling to a page how to add multimedia such as images how to create input forms to collect data from visitors how to implement frames how to implement external scripts such as javascript advanced html features such as meta tags demonstrates how to make sure your html is secure and best practices using software to build websites vs hand coding a good question many people ask is on the basis of using a software program to help build the website or building the website by writing line by line referred to as hand coding this course teaches you how to write html by hand coding the main reason for teaching html this way is because you need to see how a website is designed from the ground up once you have mastered hand coding then you can quickly utilize a software program to build your websites a software program will help you write the type of website you want more quickly but the software program may not build the website exactly the way you see it in your head when you understand hand coding you can easily look at the website html and modify it to look picture perfect this is why i recommend learning hand coding first and then learning the html editor second when you begin building websites you should use an html editor and then use hand coding to make minor adjustments another reason to learn hand coding is so you can study all the html elements and tags in detail by doing this you will understand and learn the full functionally of html and xhtml when you understand all the tags you can utilize the technology to its fullest potential many web development companies require their web developers to learn html hand coding for this very reason w3c standards w3c stands for world wide web consortium this organization is the main international standard setting organization for the world wide web they make sure to design standards for html and css among others which allow websites to be designed so they can be read by different web browsers and appear essentially the same if the w3c did not exist then each web browser could read html differently and display the website in an entirely different 5

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fashion with that being said it is very important to follow these web standards when writing your html this course teaches html based on w3c standards the official standards can be located at the following links html 4.01 http www.w3.org/tr/html401 xhtml 1.1 http www.w3.org/tr/xhtml11 6

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chapter 2 html basics html elements html consists of elements which are used to markup various portions of the web page a basic example of an html element is the bold tag which is used to make text appear bold the text that is to appear bold is surrounded by the bold tags here is an example of the bold tag being used bold text b when your browser reads the html tags it converts the text to appear as bold such as this bold text each html element generally consists of two html tags all html tags are enclosed in inequality signs and in total there are 75 different html tags and we will be learning how to use all 75 tags these 75 tags are used to create a variety of html elements once you know how to use all 75 tags and their functionality correctly then you have successfully mastered html when writing html code you must always use a closing tag or end the tag with a slash at the end of the tag the closing tag tells the browser when to stop marking up that specific piece of text for xhtml this is a requirement the opening and closing tag makes up the entire html element the closing tag is bolded below bold text b some html tags only consist of one tag such as the line break tag below

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