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chapter 24

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communicable disease a disease that is spread from one living thing to another or through the environment

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causes of communicable diseases pathogen organism that causes disease viruses bacteria fungi protozoan and rickettsias infection condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body multiply and damage body cells if the body can not fight off the infection a disease develops

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viruses viruses are pieces of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat common cold influenza aids herpes chicken pox they need a living cell to reproduce which is called a host cell can not treated with antibiotics

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bacteria bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that live almost everywhere on earth most are harmless and many are essential for life for example bacteria in your digestive system help digest foods and make vitamins you need toxin is a substance that kills cells or interferes with their functions strep throat gonorrhea food borne illness can be treated with antibiotics

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other types of pathogens fungi are plantlike organisms such as molds and yeasts athletes foot protozoan are single-celled organisms that are larger and more complex than bacteria malaria rickettsias are pathogens that resemble bacteria but multiply like a virus often enter the human body through bites from fleas or lice rocky mountain spotted fever

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how are they transmitted direct contact kissing biting sexual contact indirect contact contaminated objects vectors-an organism such as a tick that carries and transmits pathogens airborne transmission

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strategies for preventing communicable disease washing hands happy birthday song x 2 handling food properly separate raw meat from other foods cook to its proper temperature chill leftovers other prevention strategies avoid sharing eating utensils makeup combs and brushes avoid contact with people that are ill get your vaccanations

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p. 9

lesson 2 pg 627

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preventing communicable diseases immune system is a network of cells tissues organs and chemicals that fights off pathogens

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physical and chemical barriers skin first line of defense against many pathogens tears and saliva contain enzymes that destroy or disable many pathogens mucous membranes produce mucus a sticky substance that traps pathogens cilia hair like projections that line parts of the respiratory system sweep mucus and pathogens to the throat gastric juice found in the stomach destroys many pathogens that enter the body through the nose and mouth

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inflammatory response the inflammatory response is a reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection phagocyte is a white blood cell that attacks invading pathogens

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specific defenses antigen substance that is capable of triggering an immune response immunity state of being protected against a particular disease

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lymphocyte lymphocyte specialized white blood cell that coordinates and performs many of the functions of specific immunity two types t cells and b cells antibody is a protein that acts against a specific antigen

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active immunity the immunity your body develops to protect you from diseases is called active immunity artificially acquired active immunity develops in response to a vaccine a preparation of dead or weakened pathogens that are introduced into the body to stimulate and immune response

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