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nutrition chapter 5

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the importance of good nutrition o o nutrition o is the process by which the body takes in and uses food o good nutrition enhances your quality of life and helps prevent disease calories o are units of heat that measure the energy used by the body and the energy that food supply to the body.

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o nutrients o are the substances in food that your body needs to grow repair itself and supply you with energy.

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what influences your food choices o most food choice are influenced by hunger and/or appetite o hunger o natural physical drive that protects your from starvation desire rather than a need to eat o appetite o o food is sometimes used to meet emotional needs for example people may eat when they feel stressed or bored.

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influences cntd o these environmental factors also influence food choices o family friends and peers o cultural and ethnic backgrounds o convenience and cost o advertising

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nutrition throughout the lifespan healthful eating provides the nutrients you need for growth and development gives you needed energy enables you to stay mentally alert and helps you feel good and look your best o a healthful and balanced eating plan helps you avoid unhealthful weight gain obesity and type 2 diabetes o

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nutrition throughout the lifespan making healthful food choices now lowers your risk of developing life threatening conditions as you get older these conditions include heart disease stroke certain cancers and osteoporosis.

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nutrients carbohydrates proteins fats vitamins minerals water

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carbohydrates the starches and sugars present in foods are the bodies main source of energy o simple carbohydrates are sugars o they occur in many natural plants and refined sugar is added to many foods o complex carbohydrates are starches o they are found in whole grains seeds nuts legumes and root vegetables o

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carbohydrates all carbohydrates are converted to simple sugar that is the body s main source of energy o fiber is an indigestible complex carbohydrate o it found in the tough stringy parts of vegetables fruits and whole grain o

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proteins nutrients that help build and maintain the body cells and tissues o complete proteins o contain adequate amounts of all nine amino acids o animal products and many soybean products are good sources of complete proteins o o incomplete proteins lack one or more of the essential amino acids o incomplete proteins can be combined not necessarily in the same meal to provide complete protein benefits o

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protein o your body uses proteins for growth and to replace damaged or worn out cells o your body also uses proteins to make enzymes hormones and antibodies

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fats fats are a type of lipid a fatty substance that does not dissolve in water fats provide a concentrated form of energy fats may be saturated or unsaturated saturated fats hold all the hydrogen atoms they can a high intake of saturated fats is associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

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fats unsaturated fats have at least one unsaturated bond a place where hydrogen can be added to the molecule unsaturated fats are not associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

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fats fats transport certain vitamins in the blood and provide a fatty acid needed for growth and healthy skin cholesterol is a substance that circulates in the blood excess blood cholesterol is deposited in arteries and increases the risk of heart disease.

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