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puzzle 4 green political activism

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4 green political activism when talking about the political aspects of youth work we should first look at what the generally accepted definitions of politics and policy it includes various issues it would be good to start by looking at the words themselves as you can see by a simple activity you give political statements you are political by what you do nevertheless there is one other aspect of being political and that is whether or not you are aware of being so politics politics is the science of government that part of ethics which has to do with the regulation and government of a nation or state the preservation of its safety peace and prosperity the defence of its existence and rights against foreign control or conquest the augmentation of its strength and resources and the protection of its citizens in their rights with the preservation and improvement of their morals webster s thesaurus politics can also be seen as the management of a political party the conduct and contests of parties with reference to political measures or the administration of public affairs the advancement of candidates to office in a bad sense artful or dishonest management to secure the success of political candidates or parties political trickery what does that mean to youth organisations one can apply it by saying that politics is a system to achieve certain aims based on specific needs and values in the society it works for through political involvement the organisations can create or support the creation of policies rules or guidelines which should help the organisation to function and develop all those aspects work both inside the organisation and when dealing with the outside world it is often said that politics is in everything we do every decision we take is political every action we take is political why is it so because we say who we are by what we do what we believe in and what we want to achieve let s look at next example an organisation runs a two-week summer camp for children in a small village by this activity they are saying we want to work with children we have adult leaders to work with them we work with children by taking them out of the city taking the children out of the city provides them with new experiences removing children from their families for two weeks helps them to become independent and learn social skills in a group we could find many more statements connected with the activity depending on the programme group of leaders or the environment where the activity takes place policy policy is a settled method by which the government and affairs of a nation are or may be administered a system of public or official administration as designed to promote the external or internal prosperity of a state.it is the method by which any institution is administered system of management course another definition says that politics is a management or administration based on temporal or material interest rather than on principles of equity or honour hence worldly wisdom dexterity of management cunning stratagem finally policy is prudence or wisdom in the management of public and private affairs wisdom sagacity wit how are we involved in policy creation there are many different ways as explained above it is a method to achieve certain development it is a set of ideas to help youth work to explain further let s use the same example of the summer camp the organisation has a policy to work with children and not with adults for example the policy of the organisation is to provide an out-of-town experience the policy of the organisation is to work with groups of children the policy is to involve children in the decisions about themselves and to help them participate in a group those are the policy issues we can immediately draw from the example there may be many more of them source http umoja.un.org 54 green pass

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4 green political activism the organisation could be working only with socially disadvantaged children the leaders might be young people only it might have explicit criteria on how to work with the children they might also provide training or education to their leaders by setting all the standards and criteria the organisation creates its internal policy by spreading this information or promoting it with other organisations or institutions it also works on creation of more general youth policy there are some values represented in the organisation and there are certain activities organised by the organisation in an ideal case the values are directly translated into everything the organisation does why do i say that the reason is simple ­ this is another way of being political which an organisation can and naturally does what could it mean to your activities to use the summer camp example again the children will play games when they work together as a group and all of them have to be involved they will play games to realise that all of them are equal and important the children participate in regular daily tasks ­ cleaning preparation of food etc during the whole programme they are supported to help each other parts of the programme are organised by the children themselves the leaders ask for opinions from the children on different issues those are some of the options naturally there are many other and many different ways the values and the political aspects of youth work can be translated into various activities it is a process of raising political awareness in the organisation and among its members it is necessary to promote what the organisation stands for among its members education is very helpful in this respect without understanding what equality or respect means without learning how it can be explained or even better experienced this knowledge cannot be passed on each organisation and even each individual understands the meaning of the words differently tolerance and respect might be the same words to someone and completely different to another inclusion and equality of opportunity might mean the same to you but not to your neighbour disadvantaged and marginalized might also seem to be similar but are they for this reason it is also valuable to talk about those words what they mean the individual and what they mean to your organisation by starting such a debate in your organisation not only will you reflect on what the values are but also what the values should be how they are determined and described and how you work with them such a process helps an organisation find many answers and raises even more questions it is important for one specific reason once you understand the organisation you chose to be a part of you can feel proud that you are a part of it remember when you were a small child and there was a group of other children who all had something you wanted as well once it was under the christmas tree you felt proud suddenly you were a part of the group it is are we clear about the values there is another aspect of the political life of the organisation values or ideals the organisation holds and shares we presented the green values and principles in the previous chapter that should guide the work of any green organisation still when it comes to values in many green organisations they are not cleal regarding everything else that doesn t mean they do not exist all organisations demonstrate basic values through their activities at least those might be basic respect for one another or friendship we could also say it is a basic social or moral code it means that everyone who comes to activities shall automatically behave in a certain way it can mean that you will not physically attack anyone you will not steal from each other or you will be careful using the lent equipment nevertheless these values are foundations of many organisations source http jezzicasunmo.com green pass 55

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4 the same with values the difference is that they are much more difficult to touch to describe and to understand types and models of activism we will not provide naive political point of view in this manual book we need to be much more practical first of all we need to propose some classifications which are related to this topic how do greens fight for their cause activism ­ individually formal and non formal groups civil movement involving directly into political life political party s or ngo s members greening other established political parties typology of environmental groups traditional conservation organisations international ngos friends of the earth and greenpeace radical direct action groups earth first local grassroots and non-formal groups we will explain work in frame of local grassroots and non-formal groups environmental pressure group is an organized group of people who are trying to persuade a government or other authority to do something to improve statement of environment for example to change a law or a regulation or a standard methods of political activism are continually depended from culture technology and politics in the past most groups of political activists met in person and either co-ordinated action face-to-face via the postal system or through public notices today telephones and the newmedia allow action to be taken much more rapidly and it is easier to reach a large group of people cyberactivism pretty new form of activism which uses the internet allows political activists to organise action efficiently and it can also be used as a direct form of action green political activism that also explains why they are not immediately visible very often for that reason they are also much more valuable to many people this mutual understanding of the organisation and its profile creates a political outline of an organisation it tells you what it is you want to represent politically that also means that you know what you wish to fight for or against by defining who you are as an organisation you immediately define who you are not even though only in a broad way activism another goal of political youth work is the active promotion of the ideals of the organisation once you understand it you are able to show it to others not just by speaking about it but also by the way you act and react what is very important in this case is the word active it is important that you not only believe in the ideals but that you are also able to stand up for them imagine a person involved in an organisation promoting inclusion of minorities in society the person walks down the street and sees a muslim girl surrounded by a group of teenagers what should that person do go and check to see if the girl is okay ask the group the time is to gauge their response pretend the girl is a friend and take her away or just walk by and pretend not to see anything at all what would members of your organisation do there is another option it is the active creation of the political framework of the organisation it means the values the organisation stands for create a content framework and are able to present and represent the content politically it makes a political statement inside and outside of the organisation saying this is important for us and we want you to understand it it means promoting the organisation including all aspects mentioned earlier to its own members to other organisations and to the outside world using political methods there are many methods ­ campaigns on issues lobbying using pr tools or representation of the organisation in dealings with others be it other ngos or governmental institutions 56 green pass

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4 green political activism the organisation could be working only with socially disadvantaged children the leaders might be young people only it might have explicit criteria on how to work with the children they might also provide training or education to their leaders by setting all the standards and criteria the organisation creates its internal policy by spreading this information or promoting it with other organisations or institutions it also works on creation of more general youth policy typology ­ professional vs participative the public interest model is managed by professional staff has low participation and uses traditional pressure tactics the participatory protest organization emphasizes participatory action subcultural structures and disruptive protest the professional protest organisation combines professional activism and mobilisation of financial resources with use of confrontational tactics alongside conventional ones the participatory pressure group involves rank-and-file members and supporters but uses conventional pressure techniques resorting to the all too easy recourse of vilifying politicians governments and/or multinationals although it is important to first identify the problem step in trying to find a solution to embody the solution takes courage commitment and a deep understanding of the power of our minds think of two perspectives of reality the first is that we are all separate human beings with our own thoughts and actions on a particular planet that is finite and being rapidly destroyed in this perspective we struggle to achieve political freedom and economic fairness whilst at the same time trying to limit greedy governments and corporations from taking more than their fair share and taking it in such a manner that is destructive to the environment and cruel to other life-forms this paradigm is the one held by most activists the kind that takes part in protests hand-outs out leaflets and is generally quite vociferous about injustice the second perspective is one in which we are all connected by one mind in a world that is the creation of that mind unlike the first scenario in which matter is the foundation of reality in this one it is mind that is that foundation our minds collectively construct every aspect of what we see out there including the injustice destruction cruelty and greed that we perceive in this scenario we realize that vilifying the projected image of mind is not ultimately helpful in fact as all minds are connected negative emotions like this only serve to exacerbate the problem this paradigm is the one held by many new age and spiritually developed people the kind that meditates and uses visualization to modify reality but the kind that is also unfortunately politically naive marsh jenny 2003 what is political activism political activism is much more than turning out on voting day and ticking a ballot sheet that is far too passive and ineffective and will never be enough to halt the current erosion of community and the destruction of our planet instead to become a bona fide activist we have to do much more we have to have such a burning desire to make a difference that we are willing to embody the solution in ourselves without only why political activism any kind of our everyday activity can be recognized not only as personal but as political activity too we can quote in this question a famous article of hanisch carol the personal is political in which she describe some experience in group therapy and explain why do not all women support this feminist s point of view and how any activity can be recognized as political manifestation pretty the same situation can be with political activism i think we must listen to what so-called apolitical women have to say not so we can do a better job of organizing them but because together we are a mass movement i think we who work full-time in the movement tend to become very narrow.what is happening now is that source http independentaustralia.net green pass 57

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4 when non-movement women disagree with us we assume it s because they are apolitical not because there might be something wrong with our thinking women have left the movement in droves the obvious reasons are that we are tired of being sex slaves and doing shitwork for men whose hypocrisy is so blatant in their political stance of liberation for everybody else but there is really a lot more to it than that i can t quite articulate it yet i think apolitical women are not in the movement for very good reasons and as long as we say you have to think like us and live like us to join the charmed circle we will fail what i am trying to say is that there are things in the consciousness of apolitical women i find them very political that are as valid as any political consciousness we think we have we should figure out why many women don t want to do action maybe there is something wrong with the action or something wrong with why we are doing the action or maybe the analysis of why the action is necessary is not clear enough in our minds hanisch 1969 apolitical people are a danger for any kind of activism because there are drops out from communication and activists can not find a right words for effective communication any way activists should start to change themselves first of all and only after that try to change the world so the true activist first of all must acknowledge the power of mind there is no other road to healing consciousness must be fundamental in the process of doing this he or she realizes that the root cause of the ecological destruction and social injustices in the world are not out there but in here in our own minds and it is therefore in here that we must start the healing process so if we want to be an effective political activist we are probably better off pursuing a spiritual path not a religious-dogma path but a true open-ended spiritual path and then incorporating into it outer ecological and political practices but if we ever find ourselves getting angry frustrated and fearful then our perspective has started to creep outwards again and we are again embodying the problem and not the solution at such times it is important to reaffirm through contemplation meditation and prayer that there is something much bigger than our lives the justice of society and the destruction of this planet a something of which we are and always will be an integral part this is the paradox and is called getting our priorities right marsh jenny 2003 relation with public relation with public can aim to reach a very hard but essential target transformed public audience into participants of your political action we stop on example of online media-activism media activism what can be considered media activism today media activism is a practice of participation in public life via the creation of different media products that are alternative to mainstream media products radio television or newspapers it is the creation of media for non-formal and non-format based usage for example video clips for online broadcasting or audio files for podcasting networks generally filed of media-activism in relation to the following media activism means diy do it yourself media products diymedia is media without professionals it is not made for the money media activism describes a minimal distance between activist reporter cameraman or camerawomen etc and events there is neither place for interpretation nor time for mirror like reflection of social life or objective reality the activist is always involved in process and creation of media products is much more than just creation of clips articles or photos because they act as a creation of representation and through representation the depicted events can potentially to exist in social space homemade media is not media activism private home media activities have no impact on social life we can reflect upon the phenomenon of blogs blogging is a good technology platform for the distribution of information but not all information is essential for everyday life and practice lots of blogs are like informational spam if the home made media isn t involved in necessary public consumption it is not media activism why tactical media today tactical media are not able to eliminate completely a given problem but they are ready to offer alternatives or other ways to grasp social problems whereas tactical media is a way in which each of us can be seen or heard by the general public green political activism 58 green pass

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4 green political activism we all know well that nowadays culture is so-called media culture mediacultural lifestyle and ways of consumption are defined by mass media would we be better or worse players we can play only one role that of a member of the audience undoubtedly with slight variations ­ you can be a viewer a reader a listener a surfer etc perfect explanation how does work noisy tactical media we can find in article noise by stretenovic dejan the radio broadcasts of the noise returned the noise to itself by not subjecting it to the media process but rather localizing it at its very source mapping its presence in various parts of the city by initiating a competition for noise production among the municipalities of the city in this way radio b92 began to function as tactical media which like burrough s megaphones created events and served as their superconductor connecting far-flung nexuses of resistance and opening a channel for communication among them creating a new reality on-line and off-line we all aware of pronouncements that virtual reality and new technology endanger our traditional society though it s hardly news that traditional societies resist innovation and modernization though this face-off can be productive in the case of new media opposition between traditional cultures on the one hand and new digital media culture on the other hand can potentially produce cultural deviation or mutation we can find here new cultural forms and consider how new media can be accepted in traditional culture we can understand theory as tool-box and how we use these tools or not is our problem and we can use technological potential only within the frame of existing cultural forms new media proposes a lot of possibilities for the creation of virtual tools virtual we understand as different to practical oriented concepts virtual reality is mental a concept it is an idea however which can be transformed into social power before change something in practice we should change something mentally just one question what is in your head can help us show our dependence from mainstream media the most common answer is that media composes the contents of our heads our needs and desire our ideas and points of view we need dreams to create new spaces but usually make them as clones of ready existence how can local media activism be used to re-design public space first of all let me give you some explanations noise here is to be understood in the sense of communication theories in where noise is an obstacle for communication or rather huge barrier a fence thus noise can narrow a scale of cooperation because it highly supports a rise of misunderstandings according to well-known marshall mcluhan s statement the medium is the message noise in communication can still reveal at least one fact the act of communication has been established and the goal and the sense of tactical media in my opinion are to increase possibilities of varying communication it means that tactical media can produce noise the noise as we know already is the message this noise can stun established mass media since this noisy content of tactical media is not a big piece of art or content suitable for mainstream media today in belarus and more or less in russia we can hear about the troubles and difficulties facing the existence of public spaces in the broadest sense the state ideology apparatus is present in all possible social activities and practices as such we should be happy that we have now have access to new communication technology especially the internet if we recognize the internet as a new dimension of public spaces we will meet with one at least one challenge how to convert our on-line virtual reality into off-line activities we will refer to this challenge in relation to re-design in the same way webdesigners re-design web-sites usually and the easiest way re-design only changes lay-outs but not some principal coding the same situation we have in relation to the creation of alternative public spaces ion the internet green pass 59

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4 green political activism i mean some probe to build territorial based communities like some kind of off-line groups at present the process of spatial social conversion on the internet follows rules of regular social space it is an act of re-design we follow existing models flash-mobbing however is a good example in case of creation new social activities flash-mob is a good example of social technology that engenders a de-virtualization how we can come from on-line to off-line diy do it yourself media key question for the chapter what is an essential condition for distribution of tactical media products cheap multimedia technology and simple ways of creation of media products tactical media need free accessed to anyone flow of information ­ and internet proposes a good possibility for distribution newsletters blogs like livejournal or youtube etc tactical media can never fit into frames of traditional tv or radio and tactical media can never supersede established media if such happens they will be quickly recognized by the dominant members of discourse and re-formatted into a culturally acceptable media format i understand that nobody can view or read everything but in my point of view tactical media conceive society not as a community of readers viewers listeners i.e media consumers but rather as range of communities of writers/showers/speakers tactical media open variety of possibilities and ways to grow up from consumer to producer as already michel de certeau stated in his book the practice of everyday life 1984 the effect or the power of tactical media is not in rising quantity of its own audience e.g those who have seen video clips mentioned above ­ that is rather a sign of success for established mainstream media the effect of tactical media shows up while raising the number of media producers of those who write shoot cut record etc people who make instead of simply taking tactical media can offer to audiences an active role and visibility participators of public life are not mere a topic for newsmakers they are also agents catalysts of social shifts each of us can write shoot cut record and so on or i hope that each of us can write shoot cut record etc thus public and private institutions could and should lose its monopoly over media truth the media voice if you have something to communicate to wider audiences do not hesitate and do not wait for professional mediators ­ tv camera team coming to your place we can distribute our ideas by our own efforts tactical media is not about a new form of traditional media but rather about a new role for each of us i know only one way to understand what the tactical media are ­ to do it yourself tactical media can make anybody visible in public spaces tactical media cannot change our practice suddenly just in one moment but tactical media can influence our habits and draw our attention to this problem we hope that activities and experiments with new media can propose some new frame or sketches for re-organizing or re-designing social spaces tactical media is not about a new form of traditional media but rather about a new role for audience our point of view is that unfortunately we cannot create new spaces new public space but only try to organize in webspace what we need that doesn t exist in off-line space 60 green pass

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green political activism training day

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4 set your goals for the day green political activism we hope you enjoyed your reading and feel motivated to share your newly gained knowledge with your friends and colleagues in the organisation first let s set the goals for a daily training our proposal is to inform participants about the definitions and meaning of politics and policy and introduce the scope of activism by answering the question why political activism practice creative methods for expressing your opinion and sending a message to the others develop debating skills and explore argumentation and performance in defending your opinion while learning to listen and react to opposite opinion session 1 politics and policy activism and political activism type of activity lecture duration 45 minutes preparation based on the manual reading material lecturer should prepare presentation aid/materials computer projector projection panel or white curtain on the wall or clean white wall expected result informed participants about the definitions and meaning of politics and policy and introduce the scope of activism answering the question why political activism knowledge/information/skills participants should learn what politics is as well as policy and understand its meaning from the youth organisation perspective they should understand why almost any activism has a political meaning and what are the types and models of activism they should develop skills that will help them to voice their message and use media as well as define their positions learn how to argument them and how to defend them politics and policy in reality type of activity game duration 45 minutes group division 4-5 participants per group/free choice aid/material issue or a copy of newspapers for each group scissors glue a4 papers place on the wall to place the papers with a pin setting participants should be informed that they are not any more at a seminar but are being an editorial team of a radio station editorial team task is to browse through all the news in the newspaper in order to choose four headlines or articles for the press review that goes on in 20 minutes they all need to agree about the headline/article cut it from newspaper glue them to a4 paper and place them on the wall debriefing each group chooses a journalist among themselves that will present headlines/articles that are selected and argue why this article couth their attention other groups are allowed to ask questions and facilitator should guide discussion towards questions of political activism expected result practicing to understand and determine important issues differentiate between policy and politics and how political action is reported schedule regular training day has four education time slots sessions that should be combined with coffee/tea breaks and breaks for meals coffee/tea breaks are usually taking place after first and third session and last 1520 min depending on a budget some cookies and fruits can be as well part of the break lunch and dinner breaks are usually taking place after second and fourth session and last 1-2 hours make sure that the meals are served when the break starts so the participants can have time to relax afterwards and be ready for coming activities have in mind that this is usual sequence of events but you need to feel the mood of the group and sometimes if needed make additional breaks or divide time differently during the day try to make sure they are focused while in session and energetic have enough of water and depending on possibilities other refreshment and fruits available during the sessions number of participants 16-20 session time 1 hour 30 minutes 62 green pass

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4 session 2 cool t-shirt type of activity game duration 90 minutes aid/materials every participant receives a t-shirt depending on a budget this can either be a simple cotton t shirt or a t shirt can be drawn to a blank a4 paper with three fields marked in front bellow settings every participant should draw a picture symbol sketch etc which should represent the answer to following questions quality of drawing is not important session 3 american debate type of activity debate duration 90 minutes preparation 90 minutes 30minutes for preparation 40 minutes for debate and 20 minutes for evaluation group division participants should be divided by random selection of facilitator to two groups ­ one group to search and debate pro-arguments and other to search and debate cons-arguments it does not matter if one agrees with the statement for the debate or not they should defend the statement or give arguments against it in accordance with the group he/she is part of settings structure of debate should be the made up of the following rules every side group decides on several representatives that sit at the same table across from each other moderator of the discussion someone from the prep team opens the debate giving word to one side pro-side starts per example and after some time 1-2 minutes contra-side starts and so on participants in the debate should strictly follow given time restriction for individual discussion moderator needs to stop the presentation after the agreed time has run out when the first round is over you can give couple of minutes for each side to consult and then go to next round at the end of the debate once all argumentations have been used an open evaluation debate should take place possible statements for debate politics is not dirty young people are not very committed and motivated internet can not be good media for sending political message etc expected result this exercise will develop debating skills of participants teach them to formulate their argumentation and defend their opinion while learning to listen and react to opposite opinion upper field social situation or an issue that you are proud of middle field social situation or phenomena which you want to change lower field changes in the world that you would like to happen in next 5 years after 15-20 minutes when they finish the task t shirts should be hanged on the wall it is also possible to use rope and then they can be hanged by clothespins after walkabout people start to explain their drawings while others pose questions and facilitator points out to different way of drawing same or similar thought if there is still time left you can form small groups with a task to combine their drawings and come ip with one new t shirt with agreed statements expected result this game helps develop skills to articulate and present personal understanding and opinions and be able to discuss about it with others green pass 63 green political activism

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4 session 4 green political activism grand prize type of activity game duration 75 minutes aid/materials flip chart with prepared scoring sheet and table of questions appendix 1 and 2 a list of questions and answers appendix 3 stop watch some kind of prize for the winning team candy bars bonbons books etc overview this is a quiz game where the whole group is divided in four smaller teams each group in order is choosing one question from five thematic areas and five levels of difficulty worth from 10 to 50 points and tries to answer it if the answer is correct team wins specified number of points or if the answer is wrong ­ points are deducted from the total score you may hide a jocker funny questions among the questions for which teams can get double the points goals of the game to present a great number of facts and information in relaxed and entertaining atmosphere and to recall certain information from previous training days instructions divide participants in four teams and tell them to sit in four corners of the room first task for each team is to choose a designation and to decide who will be their spokesperson you should stand in the middle and ask the first team to choose a field/question for example they are choosing topic 3 question for 30 points after you read the question a team has maximum of 2 minutes to find an answer if the answer was correct assign dedicated number of points in this example 30 points to the team and write it on the scoring sheet you may decide to provide additional information or to elaborate the answer if the answer was incorrect assign negative number of points questions/fields remain open until correct answer is found each field with correctly answered question should be struck in the table thus everyone can see which fields are still open teams rotate in a clockwise direction the game is over when all questions are answered correctly all fields are struck or after several rounds depends on how much time you have left for this exercise winning team with biggest score can now claim its grand prize important all activities in this chapter are adapted from günther gugel praxis politischer bildungsarbeit methoden und arbeitsthlifen political education in practice working methods and materials 1993 verein f ür friedensp ädagogik t übingen 1999 peace movement ­ pancevo self-commitment type of activity exercise duration 15 minutes aid/materials paper and pen for each participant setting each participant is formulating his/her own commitments concerning the green activism grouped and connected these individual commitments could gain political dimension instructions ask participants to take their time to write down one or more personal commitments and to sign the paper afterwards these commitments should be achievable in everyday life and they should be formulated in such way that they don t put too high demands for individual signatory commitments rules should reflect in greater or lesser extent issues discussed during the day for example i will try to reduce the number of kilometers traveled by car by 30 and to drive slower i will use public transport ride a bike or walk instead or i will waive the purchase of products that pollute the environment and give priority to environmentally friendly domestic products i will actively uphold in my group political party family work syndicate policy that contributes to improved human rights and advocates for the preservation of the environment note formulation and acceptance of this type of obligations must not be the result of the group pressure or moral pressure it can fulfill its function of setting the rules for themselves and through the announcement possibly to the others as well only when it is voluntary based when finished and signed all statements should be placed on the wall and read outloud expected results to propose participants to recognize and accept consequences of their actions in workplace and everyday life 64 green pass

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4 appendix 1 appendix score sheet 2 green political activism table with questions team a team b team c team d green history green values human rights sustainable and and development diversity principles green political activism 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 appendix 3 example of a list of questions/answers green history 10 points what was the name of the first grassroots ecological organization founded in north america by the end of 19th century sierra club 20 points first green parties emerged in europe in which period 20th century in 1980s total number of points total number of points total number of points total number of points 30 points survivalism was first articulated in the book titled the limits of growth 40 points who was one of the strongest supporters of banning the hunting of animals in germany during 1930s and 1940s heinrich himmler leading member of the nazi party green pass 65

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4 green political activism 50 points name at least two historical figures whose values work and ethics influenced green ideology gandhi spinoza uexküll benjamin franklin john muir human rights and diversity 10 points three main pillars on which the united nations is built on are peace and security development and human rights 20 points explain the term natural rights rights that are not contingent upon the laws customs or beliefs of any particular culture or government and therefore universal and inalienable 30 points name at least two out of seven key elements to guarantee the right to adequate housing sustainable access to natural and common resources safe drinking water energy for cooking heating and lighting sanitation and washing facilities means of food storage refuse disposal site drainage and emergency services 40 points what was the year when european convention on human rights entered into force in 1953 50 points what was the name of women who first linked human rights and sustainable development as special rapporteur on hr and the environment for the un subcommission on prevention of discrimination and protection of minorities fatma zohra ksentini green values and principles 10 points philosophy and movement that draws the analogy between human domination over nature and oppression of women is called ecofeminism 20 points name four pillars of green parties participative democracy non violence social justice ecological wisdom 30 points a discipline that analyzes the legal moral social ethical aspects of biological and medical sciences is called bioethics 40 points inter-generational justice stands for an obligation of the present generation to hand over the environment society and cultural heritage to young people on a sustainable basis 50 points when and where was held the first global congress of the greens in canberra australia in 2001 sustainable development 10 points quote the most common definition of the sustainable development it is the development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generation 20 points interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars of sustainable development are economic development social development environmental protection 30 points what differentiates green development from sustainable development green development prioritizes what its proponents consider to be environmental sustainability over economic and cultural considerations green political activism 10 points what does diy stand for when we talk about media activism do it yourself 20 pointswhat are the types of activism of the greens how do greens fight for their cause 1 activism ­ individually formal and non formal groups civil movement 2 involving directly into political life political party s or ngo s members 3 greening other established political parties 30 points what is new form of activism which uses the internet cyberactivism 40 points name at least two world known political activists nelson mandela mohandas gandhi martin luther king rosa luxemburg vanessa redgrave etc 50 points in your own ords how do you define politics and policy and what are key differences answer is in the reader part of this chapter 40 points elf combination stands for environment local people future 50 points what is the core principle of deep ecology the belief that like humanity the living environment as a whole has the same right to live and flourish 66 green pass

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