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the candidate´s handbook english

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ministÉrio das relaÇÕes exteriores ministro de estado secretário-geral embaixador antonio de aguiar patriota embaixador ruy nunes pinto nogueira fundaÇÃo alexandre de gusmÃo presidente embaixador gilberto vergne saboia a fundação alexandre de gusmão instituída em 1971 é uma fundação pública vinculada ao ministério das relações exteriores e tem a finalidade de levar à sociedade civil informações sobre a realidade internacional e sobre aspectos da pauta diplomática brasileira sua missão é promover a sensibilização da opinião pública nacional para os temas de relações internacionais e para a política externa brasileira ministério das relações exteriores esplanada dos ministérios bloco h anexo ii térreo sala 1 70170-900 brasília df telefones 61 3411-6033/6034/6847 fax 61 3411-9125 site www.funag.gov.br

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sara burkitt walker the candidates handbook english 2ª edição atualizada assisted by paulo kol brasília 2011

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direitos de publicação reservados à fundação alexandre de gusmão ministério das relações exteriores esplanada dos ministérios bloco h anexo ii térreo 70170-900 brasília df telefones 61 3411-6033/6034 fax 61 3411-9125 site www.funag.gov.br e-mail funag@itamaraty.gov.br equipe técnica maria marta cezar lopes henrique da silveira sardinha pinto filho andré yuji pinheiro uema cíntia rejane sousa araújo gonçalves fernanda antunes siqueira fernanda leal wanderley juliana corrêa de freitas pablo de rezende saturnino braga revisão andré yuji pinheiro uema fernanda antunes siqueira fernanda leal wanderley programação visual e diagramação juliana orem e maria loureiro impresso no brasil 2011 w192c walker sara burkitt the candidate s handbook english sara burkitt walker paulo kol brasília funag 2010 224p il isbn 978.85.7631.285-7 1 diplomacia estudo e ensino i kol paulo ii título cdu 341.707 depósito legal na fundação biblioteca nacional conforme lei n° 10.994 de 14/12/2004.

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contents special thanks 7 acknowledgements 9 introduction 11 foreword 13 chapter 1 reading comprehension [tps 19 types of question and the skills they require 20 identifying main ideas 21 checking factual information 23 recognising inference 25 vocabulary and language questions 28 complete sample tps test [english section 32 key and notes to chapter 1 39 chapter 2 composition writing 53 general information and advice 2010 54 structure of the composition 55 other good things to find in compositions 58 the problem analysis composition 61

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the for and against composition 68 the define and illustrate composition 76 the historical approach composition 83 the narrative-descriptive composition 85 the sustained analogy composition 88 planning exercises 92 list of topics 1970-2010 95 list of cohesive links 102 chapter 3 translation from english to portuguese by paulo kol 107 general advice 107 model texts 108 chapter 4 translation from portuguese to english 119 general advice 120 model texts 122 false cognates exercise 141 chapter 5 summary writing 143 general advice 144 model texts 145 chapter 6 language notes and exercises 167 key to language practice exercises 199 key to false cognates exercise 217 bibliography 219

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special thanks ambassador georges lamazière director of the instituto rio branco primeiro secretário márcio rebouças responsible for the cacd [concurso de admissão à carreira de diplomata instituto rio branco for their support and interest dr mark ridd for his helpful orientation on many occasions ministro joão pedro corrêa da costa for specific comments on the 2010 examination paulo kol for reviewing all the chapters and writing chapter 3 colleagues diplomats and candidates for the examination macmillan education for permission to make free use of definitions from the macmillan english dictionary online http www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american http www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british 7

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acknowledgements all the contributors named and unnamed whose texts are included in this handbook and specifically to ambassador celso amorim a.g noorani and the hindu times frontline ana viseu don cupitt gwynne dyer kenan malik m a muqtedar khan maya jasanoff mino carta niall ferguson pedro gómez-valadés peter weilemann richard gott roberto candelori the economist the guardian the daily telegraph for their kind permission to reprint texts from their published work and/or their websites 9

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sara burkitt walker the authors would also like to thank those listed below for contributions previously published by the instituto rio branco in the guia de estudos for cacd thomaz alexandre mayer napoleão lílian cristina burlamaqui duarte felipe krause dornelles joão augusto costa vargas sophia magalhães de sousa kadri maria clara de abreu rada daniel roberto pinto felipe augusto ramos de alencar costa henrique luiz jenné rodrigo domingues matos guilherme fitzgibbon alves pereira joaquim aurélio correa de araújo neto marcílio falcão cavalcanti filho ricardo martins rizzo josé roberto hall brum de barros marcelo lacerda gameiro de moura janaína monteiro de barros frederico gustavo henrique sachs mônica s f de sales barth tambelli diogo rosas gugisch maria auxiliadora pinho de carvalho abrahão andré de araújo marcus vinicius da costa ramalho glauber david vivas camilo licks rostand prates cesar almeida de meneses silva while serious efforts have been made to locate copyright holders this has not always been possible further contact is welcome sara walker august 2010 sara@sarawalker.com.br 10

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introduction the fundação alexandre de gusmão funag offers a series of new updated editions of the candidates handbooks [manuais do candidato designed to help candidates study for the diplomatic service entrance examination [cacd members of the academic community experts in their fields have been invited to prepare these handbooks the ideas expressed in the texts are the exclusive responsibility of their authors the candidates handbooks provide a benchmark for the concepts analysis and bibliography in the subjects they cover they should not be considered pass notes which will by themselves be sufficient to enable the candidate to succeed in the entrance examinations 11

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foreword my association with the instituto rio branco now goes back more than 40 years it was in the summer of 1968 that i first taught there soon after my arrival in brazil i have also worked for many years with candidates preparing for the diplomatic service examinations and have shared some of their triumphs and disasters in relation to the difficult english test in the entrance examination in this handbook my aim is to pass on a little of the experience acquired in this area since 2005 english has ceased to be an eliminatory subject in the cacd exams however the level of english required from diplomats remains as high as ever both for the entrance examination and in the diplomatic service the regulations [edital published each year make it clear that an advanced level of english is required however an examination which involves composition translation from and into english and summary writing inevitably contains a strong element of chance it is virtually impossible to prepare for all the vocabulary and topic areas that might come up this handbook aims to help serious candidates with their preparation for the exam by offering models and a small amount of advice 13

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sara burkitt walker it is organized as follows chapter 1 reading comprehension [tps key to chapter 1 chapter 2 composition chapter 3 translation from english to portuguese [written by paulo kol chapter 4 translation from portuguese to english chapter 5 summary writing chapter 6 language notes and exercises key to chapter 6 preparing for phase 1 phase 1 [tps requires excellent comprehension skills and a very wide vocabulary at the time of writing the tps tests set since 2003 are available at concursos e seleções irbr diplomacia 2010 antigos http www.cespe.unb.br/concursos antigos/default.asp the tps test examines your passive skills in text comprehension and recognition of vocabulary in addition to this handbook you may find it useful to use materials prepared for advanced international english tests such as cambridge cae and cpe or toefl preparing for phase 3 the phase 3 english exam tests your active skills in translation from english to portuguese translation from portuguese into english summary writing [with or without other text-based language exercises composition it requires a very advanced knowledge of english as well as good intellectual ability 14

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introduction general advice the phase 3 english examination contains 4 sections to be done in 4 hours one of the main problems you will face is the relatively short time allowed and the number of questions to be answered this is not mere caprice on the part of the examiners one of the language skills most needed by diplomats is the ability to translate or draft english texts fast during a meeting or in regular office work new diplomats in training often come up against this requirement during their first trainee post thus the ability to write english accurately under pressure is a skill worth testing plan your time first read the regulations [edital for the test you are taking or for the last examination if the regulations have not yet been published to get an idea of the exercises the english exam will contain and the number of marks of each section bearing in mind the exercises involved the distribution of marks and your own strengths and weaknesses in english make a game plan or overall strategy before you take the test think about questions like these how will you use the four hours allowed for the whole test how much time will you spend on each section how and when will you check each section will you start and finish each exercise systematically or will you do a rough draft of one section and then move on to the next part of the test obviously the answers will vary according to your personality your skills and your learning style here is a possible scenario for use of the 4 hours translation from english to portuguese 35 minutes translation from portuguese to english 35 minutes summary writing 50 minutes composition 90 minutes checking and copying final drafts 30 minutes 15

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