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ajax the definitive guide

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other resources from o reilly related titles ajax design patterns ajax hacks ajax on java ajax on rails head rush ajax learning asp.net 2.0 with ajax programming asp.net ajax oreilly.com oreilly.com is more than a complete catalog of o reilly books you ll also find links to news events articles weblogs sample chapters and code examples oreillynet.com is the essential portal for developers interested in open and emerging technologies including new platforms programming languages and operating systems conferences o reilly brings diverse innovators together to nurture the ideas that spark revolutionary industries we specialize in documenting the latest tools and systems translating the innovator s knowledge into useful skills for those in the trenches visit conferences.oreilly.com for our upcoming events safari bookshelf safari.oreilly.com is the premier online reference library for programmers and it professionals conduct searches across more than 1,000 books subscribers can zero in on answers to time-critical questions in a matter of seconds read the books on your bookshelf from cover to cover or simply flip to the page you need try it today for free.

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ajax the definitive guide anthony t holdener iii beijing · cambridge · farnham · köln · sebastopol · taipei · tokyo

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ajax the definitive guide by anthony t holdener iii copyright © 2008 anthony t holdener iii all rights reserved printed in the united states of america published by o reilly media inc 1005 gravenstein highway north sebastopol ca 95472 o reilly books may be purchased for educational business or sales promotional use online editions are also available for most titles safari.oreilly.com for more information contact our corporate/institutional sales department 800 998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com editor simon st.laurent production editor rachel monaghan copyeditor audrey doyle proofreader rachel monaghan printing history january 2008 first edition indexer ellen troutman zaig cover designer karen montgomery interior designer david futato illustrator jessamyn read nutshell handbook the nutshell handbook logo and the o reilly logo are registered trademarks of o reilly media inc ajax the definitive guide the image of a woolly monkey and related trade dress are trademarks of o reilly media inc many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks where those designations appear in this book and o reilly media inc was aware of a trademark claim the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps while every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein isbn 978-0-596-52838-6 [m [9/09]

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to sarah the love of my life and my unending inspiration and to kate and tony whom i hope to always inspire.

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table of contents preface xiii part i ajax fundamentals 3 9 17 19 20 1 reinventing the web 3 web page components modern web standards browsers standards compliance welcome to web 2.0 2 from web sites to web applications 22 the transition basic web and ajax design patterns application environments the developer what ajax is not 22 28 31 33 34 3 servers databases and the web 35 the web server server-side scripting databases getting data into and out of relational databases interfacing the interface frameworks and languages what good are frameworks 36 39 44 48 54 57 63 vii

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4 foundations scripting xml and json 68 xml json choosing a data exchange format a quick introduction to client frameworks simplifying development 68 86 92 94 97 5 manipulating the dom 103 understanding the dom we ve already met manipulating dom elements attributes and objects change that style events in the dom dom stuff for tables is innerhtml evil 103 105 106 117 129 135 138 6 designing ajax interfaces 141 usability functionality visualization accessibility the ajax interface 141 153 158 167 171 part ii ajax foundations 7 laying out site navigation 175 menus tabs navigation aids problems with ajax navigation general layout 175 212 221 243 246 8 fun with tables and lists 247 layout without tables accessible tables sorting tables tables with style table pagination 247 252 264 280 283 viii table of contents

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lists 2.0 lists for all seasons 291 292 9 page layout with frames that aren t 316 using frames xhtml and frames the magic of ajax and a div page layout 316 321 323 329 10 navigation boxes and windows 335 the alert box integrating the window navigation windows tool tips the necessary pop up 335 335 347 355 360 11 customizing the client 363 browser customizations stylesheet switching switching different customizations easy font-size switching creating color themes throwing ajax into the mix changing site language with ajax repositioning objects and keeping those positions storing it all in the database 363 368 381 386 392 397 400 403 407 12 errors to be in style or not to be 408 error handling on the web should i react to that error handling an error with care integrating the user error 408 413 417 420 13 this ain t your father s animation 434 animation on the web what is wrong with gif building animation with the png format ajax animations 434 437 439 453 table of contents ix

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14 a funny thing happened on the way to the form 482 xhtml forms using javascript fancier forms the basics of ajax and forms accepting ajax-delivered data server responses 482 490 498 519 524 531 15 data validation client server or both 534 data validation is important validation with javascript css notification of errors validation on the server ajax client/server validation 534 536 552 555 558 part iii ajax in applications 16 search the new frontier 565 types of site searches dynamic searching with ajax googling a site 565 577 581 17 introducing web services 594 what is a web service web service architectures ajax and web services web feeds web service apis 594 594 606 613 618 18 web services the apis 619 publicly available web services ajax and the api the next step with services 619 657 658 19 mashups 659 mashups in web 2.0 applications what are mashups 659 659 x table of contents

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mashups as applications data sources application portlets building a mashup mashups and business 661 665 668 668 671 20 for your business communication needs 672 businesses and ajax real-time communication file sharing whiteboards combining applications 672 674 691 703 720 21 internet games without plug-ins 721 gaming on the web internet requirements animating a character basic collisions user input the basics of event handling putting it all together 721 732 735 753 764 767 776 part iv wrapping up 22 modular coding 789 what is modular coding the client side the server side 789 791 804 23 optimizing ajax applications 807 site optimization factors http packets client-side optimizations server-side optimizations ajax optimization 807 809 815 818 830 838 table of contents xi

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part v references a the xml and xslt you need to know 843 b javascript framework toolkit and library references 863 c web service api catalog 892 d ajax risk references 916 index 925 xii table of contents

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preface 1 ajax melds together existing technologies to help developers give web users a more advanced browsing experience by utilizing xhtml css javascript and xml all tried-and-true technologies along with the xmlhttprequest object you can turn browsers into application platforms that closely mirror desktop applications this capability is allowing existing web sites to convert to web 2.0 sites while increasing the number of new web applications that can be found on the internet today not that long ago some web technologies especially javascript were losing their user base as developers turned their attention to other technologies such as flash that could provide more of the functionality that was needed the coining of ajax in 2005 gave javascript the shot in the arm that some developers felt was sorely needed and since then some truly wonderful things have been done with javascript that were never thought possible before new innovations together with the functionality of ajax have given the web a new look and appeal ajax the definitive guide explores what you can do with ajax to enhance web sites and give them a web 2.0 feel and how additional javascript enhancements can turn a web browser and web site into a true application even before that you will get a background on what goes into today s web sites and applications knowing what comprises ajax and how to use it helps you apply it more effectively and integrate it with the latest web technologies advanced browser searching web services mashups etc this book also demonstrates how you can build applications in the browser as an alternative to the traditional desktop application ajax is giving developers a new way to create content on the web while throwing off the constraints of the past web 2.0 technologies are being integrated with ajax to give the web a new punch that could only be achieved before with browser plug-ins ajax is helping to redefine how we all should look at the web and i hope this book puts you on the path to defining your own web 2.0 applications xiii

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