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e-book created by year 11 pupils john taylor high school

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hacking and viruses what is hacking hacking is a term used for a person normally called a hacker to break encryption and passwords and get access to a computer system that that they are not welcome to use also known as unauthorised access hackers do all sorts of crazy stuff like changing data or ruining company reputations protection against hacking and viruses to protect a computer from a virus you can download good anti-virus software that is updated often to prevent viruses you can also use protecting floppy disks the write-protection hole in the corner of the floppy disk can be kept covered to prevent accidental wiping of the disk or the introduction of viruses to protect a computer from hackers you can block external access by disconnecting modems when they are not in use or alternatively use a firewall you can also protect your computer from hackers by encryption encryption involves transforming the data so that it is unreadable without a digital key so if any data was accessed or intercepted it would be meaningless what is a computer virus a computer virus is a small programme usually made by humans with the intention of damaging other people s computer systems many viruses can copy themselves in order to spread more easily computer viruses are normally transmitted sent through email or the internet viruses can cost millions to fix as they alter files and can completely destroy a computer s operating system.

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internet developments web 2.0 as well as allowing all the uses of web 1.0 it also allows ·selling things in an online environment · blogs and accounts on social networking ·collaborative editation of online wikise.g wikipedia ·use of instant chat rooms and instant messaging ·creation of music and video clips and broadcasting them through sites such as you tube ·customisation of web browser to provide information on topics found interesting by the user through really simple syndication feeds social networking social networking websites are designed to help people stay in touch with each other users can share blogs videos photos and messages with other users sites such as twitter uses short postsmessages of up to 140 characters which are received either on the site or through instant messaging wikis wikis are online websites which can edited by anyone and so they are mainly used as online encyclopaedias about a topic or topics the edits can be made through a normal browser interface and are a great tool for collaboration and discussion because the content is from many people however because they can be edited by anyone they can often have mistakes or errors uploading digital media digital media such as photographs and videos can now be instantly uploaded via websites such as flicker and youtube this can now be done directly from devices such as phones.

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·very fast processing essential in banking ·vast storage capacity ·rapid search and combination of data in many ways ·instant response ·accurate results ·rapid communication between individuals and organisations ·improves a company image limitations of ict ·introduction of ict systems can lead to a lot of extra work especially if the system is not very reliable and manual back up records have to be kept ·employees find themselves redundant ·new or redesigned accommodation ·faults in the software can lead to chaos which can bring the organisation to a halt this is often a problem in bespoke or specialist software written for the particular organisation by a software house ·inadequate hardware can cause communication logjams ·failure of a computer system means a loss of investment.

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p. 5

brief copyright is the description ownership of an intellectual property within the limits prescribed by a particular nation s or international law when is this law provided copyright is provided automatically to the author of any original work covered by the law as soon as the work is created the author does not have to formally register the work although registration makes the copyright more visible copyright extends to unpublished as well as published works.

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eye strain this is caused by looking at a monitor for long period of time at the same distance also if your muscles in the eyes stay focused and still this can create eye strain repetitive strain injury rsi this injury is found in the hands and wrists this injury is caused by a repetitive movement over and over again this is mainly achieved when you keep typing and using a mouse for a long period of time one way of avoiding this is to look away from the monitor at regular intervals or take a brake from what you are doing another solution is to use a anti-glare filter and put that on the monitor to reduce glares on the screen one way of avoiding this is to use a wrist-rest to support you wrists another solution is to take regular breaks from typing and using the mouse one way of avoiding this is to use a adjustable or ergonomic chair and to set it up properly so you are in a good sitting posture another solution is to put the monitor and keyboard at the correct height for the seated person another way to avoid the pain is to take breaks which you should then get up walk around and stretch your muscles back and neck ache this pain is caused by working at a computer for a long time in a bad sitting posture.

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p. 7

computers and the workplace ict has replaced some jobs but created others manual jobs that have now been replaced by robots e.g carassembly jobs involved in the design and manufacture of computer hardware manual jobs that have now been replaced by computer systems e.g transaction calculators jobs being replaced by computers shopkeepers have now been replaced by online checkouts jobs have been made much easier by computers jobs being created by computers system analysts and programmers to design systems and write software office jobs that have been replaced by computers e.g filing network managers and technician to maintain computer systems

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p. 8

what is it software copyright is when an original piece of software is created the person who created it holds the copyright for that software copyright law · copy the software for other people · lend the software to other people · rent the software to other people · install the software on a network when other users can access it unless it is a special `network version the whole point the reason why this was created was because creating software can take up to thousand of hours and done by many people so its only fair their work gets protected what if someone breaks the copyright if someone breaks the copyright they can be punished by fines or even imprisonment holding the copyright for software means you have the protection of the law if anyone tries to steal your software illegally copying software is often referred to as software piracy.

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new business opportunities de-skilling of jobs working hours are less new jobs created e.g system analysts web designer job losses e.g accounting it clerks technicians secretarial work.

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trailing cables computer equipment is often connected with lots of cables power network etc if these cables are laying on the floor on the way they can cause people to trip over solution place cables inside cable ducts or under the spilt drinks or food if any liquids or food is spilt on electrical equipment such as a computer it can result in damage to the equipment or an electric shock to the user solution keep drinks and food away from heavy objects falling many items of overheated computer power sockets/full equipment are bins very heavy crt plugging too many monitors laser power cables into a printers etc socket can result in heavy items can the socket being cause serious overheated also if injury if they fall there is too much paper in the bin it can on people solution make also set fire sure equipment is solution never plug too many cables into a placed on strong tables shelves socket frequently

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p. 12

a computer virus is a computer program that can replicate itself spread from one computer to another and erase or damage data without the users consent hacking is when a person tries to gain unauthorised control over a computer often to access data that is of value for example to steal financial information such as a credit card number or a password two types of hacking are phaming and phishing phaming is where the hacker trick the user into entering a website who is then redirected to another bogus website phishing is where a hacker gains a users details usually by requesting them in an email various measures can be taken to protect against viruses and hackers these are viruses install anti-virus software and keep it up-to-date this is the most important thing you can do install anti-malware software stops software installing without your knowledge never download and install software from the internet unless you are certain it is from a source you can trust don t open e-mail attachments unless you have scanned them even a file that seems to be a picture can contain a virus don t click links in websites that seem suspicious if a site is offering prizes free stuff etc be suspicious if someone gives you a memory stick or cd-rom run a virus scan on it before opening any files don t trust cracked versions of software from filesharing sites often these have viruses and other malware added to them a trojan horse hackers use strong passwords to protect your user login account never reveal your login password to anyone else place a firewall between your computer and any network a firewall is a device or a set of devices that creates a virtual barrier between the computer and a network where the hackers are disconnect from networks when you are not using them encrypt any sensitive information just in case they get in this means that if the hacker gets hold of the data it will be useless.

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p. 13

describe the effects of microprocessor-controlled devices in the home including their effects on leisure time social interaction and the need to leave the home microprocessor is a single electronic chip that can process data perform calculations and act upon results by issuing instructions its essential to make the device or computer work effects on leisure time microprocessor-controlled devices mean we have more leisure time to relax and enjoy ourselves we are able to communicate with people very easily using computers mobile phones etc become part of online social networks making friends with people and talk to people from all over the world without these chips we wouldn t have much to do in your leisure time effects on social interaction social interaction includes mobile phones social networking etc this allows us to talk to people all over the world for example a well known way of social interaction is the mobile phone can be known as the `brain of a phone it uses the programs to access the memory that has been stored effects on the need to leave the home in everyday life a lot of us we find a time when we find we need access to a motor vehicle a car is the way most of use to travel and is effected by the microprocessor throughout a car many microprocessors are used to control different parts of the car for example the braking system the fuel system heating and air conditioning lighting system digital displays gps system and the in car audio system cars around today can have approximately 50 microprocessors but the strange thing is these chips used to be non-existent when cars were first made however they have been proved to simplify the tasks to create a vehicle and with the new laws/standards a car must meet they are essential engine controls must now meet emission laws and fuel economy standards meaning a control is needed for the amount of pollution leaving the exhaust and the car must get a reasonable mile to the gallon microprocessors are also being proven to help with safety convenience and comfort features.

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you should always consider encrypting and sensitive or personal data that you are sending across a public network such as the internet many websites such as shopping online require personal details and social security id s you can check the website you are on is safe by ·the website url address should begin with https normal unsecure sites have addresses that start with http · your web browser should show a closed padlock icon pharming this is when hackers attempt to redirect to redirect visitors from a website e.g an online banking site to another bogus web site phishing phishing is an attempt to obtain sensitive information from you e.g bank information or personal details which could be used for identity theft with enough of someone s personal details its possible to open a bank or credit card amount spam spam is unsolicited email mostly advertising its one of the curses of the information age spam ·wastes time and bandwidth ·clogs servers ·costs money to filter/remove spam filters can lock the worst of it but the best defence is never to respond to it.

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p. 15

undesirable information in addition to the web being full of websites with inaccurate information there are also a huge number of websites that contain highly offensive or illegal material stick to well known and trusted websites e.g use websites that are set up by the government these end in .gov.uk the internet and web are not regulated tips to help you know which information to trust check the spelling and grammar of the site reliable sites are usually checked for bad grammar and spelling and are corrected so unreliable sites are more likely to have spelling and grammar mistakes check several sources if all the sources are saying the same then it is likely that the information is correct and can be trusted.

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