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essentials of unification thought the head-wing thought unification thought institute

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table of contents preface 11 theory of the original image 15 1 the divine image 15 a the attributes of sungsang and hyungsang 15 b yang and yin 20 c the individual image 22 ii the divine character 23 a heart 23 b logos 26 c creativity 28 iii the structure of the original image 29 a give-and-receive action and the four-position base 29 b kinds of four-position bases 30 c origin-division-union action 33 d oneness in the structure of the original image 34 iv traditional ontology and unification thought 34 a the view of god in augustine and thomas aquinas 35 b li-chi theory 35 c regel s absolute spirit 35 d schopenhauer s blind will 36 e nietsche s will to power 36 f marx s materialism 36 g the ontology of unification thought 36 ontology 38 i the universal image of the individual truth body 39 a sungsang and hyungsang 39 b yang and yin 42 ii subject and object 44 a the system of individual truth bodies in the created world 45 b types of subjects and objects 46 1 original type 47 2 temporary type 48 3 alternating type 48 4 arbitrary type 48 c give-and-receive action 48 1 bi-conscious type 49 2 uni-conscious type 49 3 unconscious type 49 4 heteronomous type 50 5 contrast type collation type 50 d correlatives and opposites 50 iii the individual image of the individual truth body 51 a individuation of the universal image 51 b specific difference and the individual image 51 c the individual image and the environment 52 iv the connected body 53 a the connected body and the dual purpose of existing being 53 b the connected body and the original image 55 3

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c materialistic dialectic and interconnectedness 55 v the mode of existence 56 a circular motion 56 b rotation and revolution 58 c form of circular motion 58 1 basic circular motion 58 2 transformed circular motion 59 3 spiritual circular motion sungsang circular motion 60 d a critique of materialistic dialectic 60 1 on development 60 2 the communist perspective on motion 62 vi the position of existence 62 vii the law of the universe 64 1 correlativity 64 2 purposefulness and centrality 65 3 order and position 65 4 harmony 65 5 individuality and connectedness 65 6 identity-maintaining nature and developmental 65 7 circular motion 65 theory of the original human nature 68 1 a being with divine image 70 a a being of united sungsang and hyungsang 70 b a being of harmonious yang and yin 71 c a being with individuality 72 ii a being with divine character 73 a a being with heart 73 b a being with logos 75 c a being with creativity 76 iii a being with position 77 a the object position 77 b the subject position 78 c connected-body consciousness and democracy 79 iv conclusion 81 v a unification thought appraisal of the existentialist analysis of human existence 81 a soren kierkegaard 81 1 kierkegaard s analysis of human existence 81 2 a unification thought appraisal of kierkegaard s view of the human being 83 b friedrich nietzsche 84 1 nietzsche s view of the human 84 2 a unification thought appraisal of nietzsche s view of the human being 84 c karl jaspers 85 1 jaspers view of the human being 85 2 a unification thought appraisal of jaspers view of the human 86 d martin heidegger 87 1 heidegger s view of the human being 87 2 a unification thought appraisal of heidegger s view of the human being 88 e jean-paul sartre 89 1 sartre s view of the human being 89 2 a unification thought appraisal of sartre s view of the human being 90 4

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iv axiology a theory of value 92 i the basis for values and various kinds of values 93 a what are values 93 b the duality of desire purpose and value 93 c kinds of value 95 ii determination of actual value and the unification of views of value 96 a the essence of value 96 b determination of actual value in correlative relationship 96 c the standard for determining value 97 1 the correlative standard 97 2 the absolute standard 97 iii weaknesses in traditional views of values 99 a weaknesses in the christian view of value 99 b weaknesses in the confucian view of value 100 1 the five moral rules governing the five human relationships 100 2 the four virtues 100 3 the four beginnings 100 4 the eight articles 100 5 loyalty and filial piety 101 c weaknesses in the buddhist view of value 101 d weaknesses in the islamic view of value 102 e weaknesses in the humanitarian view of value 103 iv establishing a new view of value 103 a establishing the absolute view of value 103 b the theological ground for absolute value 104 c the philosophical ground for absolute value 104 d the historical ground for absolute value 106 v historical changes in the systems of value 107 a views of value in the greek period 107 1 the materialistic view of value 107 2 the arbitrary sophistic view of value 107 3 the pursuit of absolute value 108 b views of value in the hellenistic-roman period 108 1 the stoic school 109 2 the epicurean school 109 3 the skeptic school 109 4 neoplatonism 109 c the views of value in the medieval period 110 1 augustine 110 2 thomas aquinas 110 d modern views of value 110 e the necessity for a new view of value 112 theory of education 113 i the divine principle foundation for a theory of education 113 a resemblance to god and the three great blessings 113 1 perfection 114 2 multiplication 115 3 dominion 115 b the process of growth of human beings 116 c the three great ideals of education 117 ii the three forms of education 117 a education of heart 117 1 education for the perfection of the individual 117 2 forms of expression of god s heart 118 5

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3 understanding god s heart 119 4 how to introduce god s heart 121 5 education of heart through practice 121 b education of norm 121 1 education for the perfection of the family 121 2 education for becoming a being of reason-law 122 c education of dominion intellectual education technical education physical education 122 1 education for the perfection of the nature of dominion 122 2 the development of creativity and the two-stage structure 123 3 education of dominion based on universal education 123 iii the image of the ideal educated person 124 a a person of character 125 b a good citizen 125 c a genius 125 iv traditional theories of education 126 1 plato s view of education 126 2 the christian view of education 126 3 view of education in the renaissance 127 4 comenius view of education 127 5 rousseau s view of education 127 6 kant s view of education 128 7 pestalozzi s view of education 128 8 froebel s view of education 128 9 herbart s view of education 129 10 dewey s theory of education 129 11 the communist view of education 129 12 the democratic view of education 130 v an appraisal of traditional theories of education from the standpoint of unification thought 131 ethics 133 i the divine principle foundation for ethics 133 ii ethics and morality 134 a definition of ethics and morality 134 b ethics and order 134 c ethics morality and the way of heaven 135 d social ethics as a projection and application of family ethics 135 iii order and equality 136 a order and equality until today 136 b the divine principle way of order and equality 137 iv appraisal of traditional theories of ethics from the viewpoint of the unification theory of ethics 138 a kant 138 1 kant s theory of ethics 138 2 a unification thought appraisal of kant s theory of ethics 138 b bentham 139 1 bentham s view of ethics 139 2 a unification thought appraisal of bentham s view of ethics 140 c analytic philosophy 140 1 analytic philosophy s perspective on ethics 140 2 a unification thought appraisal of analytic philosophy s view of ethics 141 d pragmatism 141 1 the pragmatistic perspective on ethics 141 a unification thought appraisal of the pragmatistic perspective on ethics 142 6

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theory of art 144 i the divine principle foundation for the new theory of art 144 1 god s purpose of creation and creativity 144 2 joy and creation 145 3 give-and-receive action 145 ii art and beauty 145 a what is art 145 b what is beauty 145 c the determination of beauty 146 d the elements of beauty 146 iii the dual purpose of artistic activity creation and appreciation 147 iv requisites for creation 148 a requisites for the subject in creation 148 1 motif theme conception 148 2 object consciousness 149 3 individuality 150 b requisites for the object in creation 150 c technique and materials 151 1 styles and schools of artistic creation 151 v requisites for appreciation 154 a requisites for the subject in appreciation 155 b requisites for the object in appreciation 155 c judgments of beauty 156 vi unity in art 157 a the unity of creation and appreciation 157 b the unity of content and form 157 c the unity of universality and individuality 157 d the unity of eternity and temporality 158 vii art and ethics 158 viii types of beauty 159 a types of love and beauty from the perspective of unification thought 159 b traditional types of beauty 161 ix a critique of socialist realism 161 a socialist realism 161 b critique of socialist realism 162 c the indictment of communism by writers 163 d errors in the communist theory of art from the viewpoint of unification thought 164 theory of history 166 i the basic positions of the unification view of history 166 a sinful history 166 b history of re-creation 166 c history of restoration 167 d the law-governed nature of history 167 e the origin direction and goal of history 167 ii the laws of creation 168 1 the law of correlativity 168 2 the law of give-and-receive action 168 3 the law of repulsion 169 4 the law of dominion by the center 169 5 the law of completion through three stages 170 6 the law of the period of the number six 171 7 the law of responsibility 172 7

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iii the laws of restoration 172 1 the law of indemnity 173 2 the law of separation 173 3 the law of the restoration of the number four 174 4 the law of conditioning providence 175 5 the law of the false preceding the true 175 6 the law of the horizontal reappearance of the vertical 176 7 the law of synchronous providence 177 iv changes in history 178 v traditional views of history 180 a the cyclical view of history fatalist view of history 181 b the providential view of history 181 c the spiritual view of history progressive view of history 181 d historical materialism 182 e the philosophy-of-life view of history 183 f the cultural view of history 183 g traditional views of history seen from the unification view of history 184 vi a comparative analysis of histories 185 the providential view of history the materialist conception of history and the unification view of history 185 1 the beginning of history 185 2 the characteristics of history 185 3 the driving force for the development of history 185 4 the laws of change in history 186 5 the struggle to take place at the consummation of history 186 7 events at die consummation of history 186 8 the history that comes to an end 186 9 the ideal world to come 187 epistemology 190 1 traditional epistemologies 190 a the origin of cognition 191 1 empiricism 191 2 rationalism 192 b the essence of the object of cognition 194 1 realism 194 2 subjective idealism 195 c epistemology in terms of method 195 1 kant s transcendental method 195 2 marxist epistemology 197 3 absolute truth and relative truth 199 ii unification epistemology part 1 199 outline of unification epistemology unification 200 1 the origin of cognition 200 2 the object of cognition 201 3 the method of cognition 201 b content and form in cognition 202 1 the content of the object and the content of the subject 202 2 the form of the object and the form of the subject 202 3 elements making up a prototype 202 4 the preexistence of prototypes and their development 203 c protoconsciousness image of protoconsciousness and category 203 1 protoconsciousness 203 2 the function of protoconsciousness 204 3 formation of the image of protoconsciousness 204 4 formation of the form of thought 205 5 form of existence and form of thought 205 8

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d the method of cognition 207 1 give-and-receive action 207 2 formation of the four-position base 207 e the process of cognition 210 1 the sensory stage of cognition 210 2 the understanding stage of cognition 210 3 the rational stage of cognition 212 f the process of cognition and the physical conditions 213 1 parallelism between psychological process and physiological process 214 2 the sources that correspond to protoconsciousness and protoimage 214 3 correspondence of the psychological and physiological processes in the three stages of cognition 215 4 correspondence between psychological process and physiological process in the transmission of information 216 5 corresponding aspects in the formation of prototypes 218 6 prototypes and physiology 220 7 the encoding of ideas and the ideation of codes 220 iii kant s and marx s epistemologies from the perspective of unification thought 221 a critique of kant s epistemology 221 1 critique of the transcendent method 221 2 critique of kantian agnosticism 222 b critique of marxist epistemology 222 1 critique of the theory of reflection 222 2 critique of sensory cognition rational cognition and practice 222 3 critique of the communist concepts of absolute truth and relative truth 223 logic 224 i traditional systems of logic 224 a formal logic 224 1 the laws of thought 224 2 concept 224 3 judgment 226 4 inference 228 5 induction and analogy 229 b hegel s logic 229 1 the characteristic of hegel s logic 229 2 outline of hegel s logic 229 3 the dialectic of being-nothing-becoming 230 4 determinate being 231 5 being-essence-notion 232 6 logic-nature-spirit 232 c dialectical logic marxist logic 233 d symbolic logic 234 e transcendental logic 234 ii unification logic 235 a basic postulates 235 1 the starting point and direction of thinking 235 2 the standard of thinking 235 3 related areas 235 b the logical structure of the original image 236 c the two stages in the process of thinking and the formation of the four-position base 237 1 the stage of understanding and the stage of reason 237 2 the development of thinking in the stage of reason 239 d basic forms of thought 239 e basic laws of thought 241 iii an appraisal of traditional systems of logic from the perspective of unification thought 243 a formal logic 243 9

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b hegel s logic 243 c dialectical logic 245 d symbolic logic 246 e transcendental logic 246 f a comparison between unification logic and traditional system of logic 247 methodology 248 i historical review 248 a methodologies in the ancient period 248 1 heraclitus dialectic a dynamic method 248 2 zeno s dialectic a static method 248 3 socrates dialectic a method of dialogue 249 4 plato s dialectic a method of division 249 5 aristotle s deductive method 250 b methodologies in the modern period 250 1 bacon s inductive method 250 2 descartes s methodic doubt 251 3 hume s empiricism 251 4 kant s transcendental method 251 5 hegel s idealistic dialectic 252 6 marx s materialist dialectic 252 7 husserl s phenomenological method 253 8 analytical philosophy the method of linguistic analysis 254 ii unification methodology the give-and-receive method 255 a kinds of give-and-receive action 255 1 identity-maintaining and developmental give-and-receive actions 256 2 inner and outer give-and-receive actions 257 b scope of the give-and-receive method 259 c types of give-and-receive actions 260 d characteristics of the give-and-receive method 260 iii an appraisal of conventional methodologies from the perspective of unification thought 261 a methodologies in the ancient period 261 1 heraclitus 261 2 zeno 261 3 socrates 261 4 plato 262 5 aristotle 262 b methodologies in the modern period 263 1 bacon 263 2 descartes 263 3 hume 264 4 kant 264 5 hegel 264 6 marx 265 7 husserl 265 8 analytical philosophy 266 notes 268 10

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preface with the coming of the decade of the nineties the world underwent great and unprecedented changes an attempted coup by the conservative wing of the soviet communist party provided the momentum for the astonishing events that culminated in the demise of the soviet empire -the powerful empire that had for the better part of the twentieth century shaken the world under the slogan of global communization on the wake of the whirling events of the disintegration the communist bloc the president of russia mr boris yeltsin visited the united states and declared in a joint session of the senate and the house that communism had died and would never again be allowed to be revived in his country yet the republics that comprised the former soviet union now free from the shackles of communism are at a loss as to where to go and have not yet recovered from social chaos and economic bankruptcy meanwhile in china and other nations that still keep communism as their national policy a situation of contradiction persists between their endeavor to attain economic reform under an open-door policy and their adherence to the socialist system and to communist dictatorship by the way the situation has not been much better in democratic countries the united states still the champion of the democratic world for a brief moment enjoyed the glory of winning the gulf war but the glitter of that victory has quickly been dimmed by the staggering red ink of the u.s economy and now the united states is losing its leadership role in the world now that the ideal of communism has declined and there is no strong leadership in democracy the conflicts deriving from national and religious opposition and from economic friction are erupting throughout the world throwing dark shadows over the future of humankind the situation is further aggravated by the spread of aids and by a losing battle against poverty and starvation in developing countries in such a state of disorder and unrest the world is now earnestly seeking for a new vision and a new leadership to guide humankind in such a situation only the unification movement promoted by the reverend sun myung moon is offering a bright light of hope unification thought which is rev moon s thought and the ideology of the unification movement is also called godism or head-wing thought godism refers to the thought that has god s truth and love as its nucleus and head-wing thought refers to the thought that is neither of the right wing nor of the left wing but embraces both only godism or the head-wing thought or unification thought with its spirit of promoting love for others from the perspective of a god centered view of value can eliminate hatred hostility and materialism from communism the left-wing ideology and eradicate egoism and self centeredness from democracy the right-wing ideology this will reconcile the two opposing wings and will guide the people of both sides to advance together toward the realization of the ideal world a long cherished desire of god and humankind moreover unification thought is the thought of god the purpose of which is to reconcile warring nations and conflicting religions through the true love of god the supreme center that has established all religions the purpose of unification thought is also to achieve the goal of one world family and to realize all everlasting ideal world of god s love through solving fundamentally and once and for all the numerous and difficult problems that afflict humankind the author of this text has been organizing from an ideological perspective the teachings of the reverend sun myung moon the author who has experienced quite a bit of suffering in his own life and has borne many of life s problems when presented with the teachings of rev moon found in those teachings many 11

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astounding truths that would completely solve the problems of human life but there is an old saying that a bag full of gems can become a beautiful necklace if they are strung together on a thread but if left as they are they may easily get lost likewise if the precious teachings of rev moon had been heard and then left as they were part of each of those teachings might soon disappear from the realm of our memory just like gems easily disappear if not strung together the author could not dispel such a fear moreover the author who had suffered from problems of human life and had been saved through these truths wished to string them together into a necklace of truth and convey them to those who might also be suffering so he undertook the task of organizing a number of those teachings as though lie were connecting gems into a beautiful necklace that is how the various unification thought books were developed the present work includes the teachings that have been imparted by the reverend sun myung moon up until today arranged with that kind of attitude tinder rev moon s guidance naturally therefore this book cannot be published under the name of the author since the content of the book is nothing but what rev moon has been teaching arranged in a certain order this is a similar case to that of the late president hyo won eu of the holy spirit association for the unification of world christianity of korea who published divine principle the content of which came from the teachings of rev moon not in mr eu s name but in the name of the holy spirit association for the unification of world christianity following the same pattern the first korean edition of unification thought which was titled essentials of unification thought handwritten in chinese calligraphy by rev moon for the book cover was published in 1973 under the name of the unification thought institute which was established under the direction of rev moon the english translation of that first book was published under the title unification thought it should be noted that even though the author intended accurately to present the thought given by rev moon it is always very difficult to ensure absolute accuracy of expression because of the author s lack of ability that is why the first edition contained so many difficult points to understand since unification thought is a theoretical system of a great thinker namely the reverend sun myung moon it was necessary to make it available to scholars interested in philosophy accordingly copies of the book were sent to a few international professors through members of the unification church shortly after that there was an unexpected response some professors pointed out that publishing a book without the author s name was an unfair irresponsible attitude on the part of the author because lie was evading responsibility for any controversies that might arise from the book faced with such a criticism the author explained to the reverend sun myung moon that since it was necessary to spread rev moon s thought to world scholars the author felt compelled to publish future books in his own name taking responsibility for any misinterpretations or mistaken wording that is why the japanese editions and later the english editions explaining unification thought and fundamentals of unification thought were all published under the author s name but yet another unexpected result occurred quite a few scholars began to think that the content of those books was the author s own thought even though the author had clearly introduced them as rev moon s thought that misunderstanding deeply grieved the author s heart recently however quite a few unificationist scholars have qualified as unification thought lecturers and now can cope with arguments concerning unification thought in this context it has now become unnecessary to place the author s name on the book yet it seems equally inappropriate to place rev moon s name as the author the reason is that even though it is almost no longer necessary for the author to bear responsibility for the wording of the book the content of the book is but a part of rev moon s thought and one could hardly assume that this book is such a perfect rendition of rev moon s thought that not even a small portion of it would 12

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do any harm to heaven s authority here i can sympathize with the predicament of the late president eu who likewise was unable to publish divine principle under rev moon s name even though it contained the principles taught by rev moon thus just as divine principle was published under the name of the holy spirit association for the unification of world christianity likewise the books dealing with unification thought will from now on be published under the name of the unification thought institute whether in korea or abroad by permission of the reverend sun myung moon just as the first edition was the present book is not so different from fundamentals of unification thought 1991 but some supplemental materials have been added due to the above mentioned reasons however the present work is titled essentials of unification thought with the subtitle of the head-wing thought under rev moon s instructions unification thought deals with all the areas of thought and the unfolding of it that is the order in which the various areas have been arranged is similar to the order of god s creation of the universe that similarity will now be made clear the first area is the theory of the original image concerns god the fundamental cause of the universe next since in the order of creation by god all things were created ahead of all human beings ontology is addressed as a theory concerning all things after the creation of all things human beings were created therefore the third area will be the theory of the original human nature which concerns the original human being after creating adam god brought beasts and birds to adam gen 2:19 upon seeing them adam gave them names this means that while observing all things with interest adam engaged in cognition and thinking therefore the fourth and fifth areas are epistemology which is the theory of cognition and logic which is the theory of thinking adam and eve were to perfect the three great blessings this means that they should have perfected their personalities in order to realize the world of the ideal of creation the world of the ideal of creation is a world with values centered on true love therefore the sixth area is be axiology or the theory of value if adam and eve had perfected themselves by fulfilling their portion of responsibility they would have taught their children their experiences and their children would have matured through a relatively light portion of responsibility to perfect the first blessing thus the perfected adam and eve would have educated their children therefore the seventh area is the theory of education since the first blessing is followed by the second and the third blessings to comprise the three great blessings the theory of education also deals with the educational aspects of the second and third blessings when human beings mature they marry and form a family as was originally intended therefore the eighth area to be addressed is ethics which deals with norms within the family next comes dominion over all things the human being is to have dominion over all things and all things are to return beauty to the human being accordingly the ninth area is the theory of art since dominion implies not only dominion over nature but also all the different kinds of human activities under the concept of dominion are included economics politics society culture and so on though unification thought does not address politics and economics as such nevertheless it addresses the laws governing historical changes in those areas accordingly the tenth area to be addressed is the theory of history there exist invariable laws consistently at work in all fields of human endeavor and the theory dealing with these laws is methodology which is the eleventh area to be addressed because of its all encompassing nature methodology should have been placed right after the theory of the original image but since a comparative analysis must be made between unification methodology and traditional methodologies it has been placed as the 13

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last area it was in this manner that the eleven areas of unification thought originally came to be arranged the areas of epistemology and logic however since they deal with sophisticated traditional epistemological and logical theories have been placed at the end of the book right before methodology for convenience sake as mentioned above the content of this book is an arrangement of the major aspects of reverend sun myung moon s thought covering however only the part of his thought that has been made available to the public it is quite possible that new and deeper points of truth will become available to the public as time goes on accordingly if the necessity arises such new points will be added from time to time according to rev moon s instructions finally the author expresses his sincerest wish that this book may be of help to all the readers who are seeking a deeper understanding of the thought of the reverend sun myung moon who has been living a life of complete dedication tinder inexplicable persecution the author august 1992 14

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chapter 1 theory of the original image unification thought begins with god its fundamental postulate is that god has created humankind and the universe in god s own likeness accordingly it holds that in god there can be found the standard for solving actual problems of the individual and society consider the example of a watch which is a man-made object when a watch is broken a jeweller repairing it takes as the standard the condition of the watch when it was made for another example a doctor wanting to cure a patient s illness can do so by using the condition of a healthy person as the standard something similar cancan be said about saving fallen humankind and society human problems can be solved only through knowing the standard of creation when god first created humankind and the universe and then pursuing solutions in that direction since god created humankind and the universe in his own likeness in order to solve actual problems we must ask what kind of being god is in other words we must start with the attributes of god god humankind and all other creations are beings but they are not on the same level god is the creator whereas humankind and other creations are created beings thus in unification thought god is referred to as the original being human beings and other creations existing beings when questioning what god is like we are actually asking about the attributes of god we call the attributes of god the original image and we call the theory concerning those attributes the theory of the original image the question of what god is like is generally connected with that of the origin of the universe the theoretical field that deals with the origin of the universe is called ontology which forms the very foundation of a thought system thus a thought system in most cases has an ontology that is unique to itself and upon that basis it deals with the problems of human beings and society god and the origin of the universe have traditionally been important topics of discussion in religions and thought systems yet the traditional views of god and the universe provided by existing ontologies have not been able to put forward fundamental solutions to actual problems of human beings and society this means that the traditional ontological views of god and the universe have themselves been insufficient that is to say they have not conveyed a correct understanding of god and the origin of the universe therefore the need for a new view of god and a new ontology has arisen 1 the divine image our study of the attributes of god focuses first on their content and then on their structure content concerns each of the attributes whereas structure refers to the mutual relationships among those attributes the content can be further divided into those of divine image and divine character divine image refers to the aspect of form among god s attributes whereas divine character refers to the aspect of nature and ability first i will deal with the divine image from the statement in genesis that god created man in his own image gen 1:27 rsv we can learn that god though invisible has the aspect of form these are the dual characteristics of sungsang and hyungsang the dual characteristics of yang and yin and the individual images a the attributes of sungsang and hyungsang among god s attributes we find the characteristics of sungsang and hyungsang god s sungsang is the cause of the internal invisible aspect of created beings and god s hyungsang is the cause of the external visible aspect of created beings in god sungsang and hyungsang form a harmonized body in the relationship of subject and object forming a harmonized body means that sungsang and hyungsang are not separated but exist as a union since they are united in order to distinguish god s sungsang and hyungsang from those of created beings god s 15

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