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palestinian refugee repatriation the repatriation of palestinians is a highly topical issue and a critical component of any future peace process for israel and palestine until now the mechanics of repatriation has not been dealt with before in this detail this book explores the notion that the palestinian refugee case is exceptional it does this through the comparative study of refugee repatriation and by asking the following questions · · · · to what extent can the palestinian case be said to be unique where are the divergences overlaps and points of similarity with other refugee situations what lessons can be drawn from these comparisons how can these lessons inform refugee organisations the donor community and policy-makers in attempting to answer these questions the expert contributors cover three main fields firstly the contextual and methodological field reviewing on one hand the main trends in forced migration and refugee studies and issues concerning policy transfer and comparative research and on the other hand the historical and political background of unhcr and the negotiations around the palestinian refugee issue secondly the book offers a truly comparative approach with other case studies from around the world it covers in-depth case studies of specific refugee situations ­ covering cambodia guatemala the horn of africa iraq afghanistan bosnia and herzegovina ­ to reveal the key issues in the formulation of repatriation programmes finally the book draws together the lessons learnt and considers to what extent these lessons are relevant to the palestinian­israeli situation michael dumper is reader in middle east politics at the university of exeter his previous publications include the politics of jerusalem since 1967 and the politics of sacred space the old city of jerusalem and the middle east conflict his research interests are the permanent status issues of the middle east peace process religious institutions and the urban politics of the middle east.

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routledge studies in middle eastern politics algeria in transition reforms and development prospects ahmed aghrout with redha m bougherira palestinian refugee repatriation global perspectives edited by michael dumper international politics in the gulf a cultural genealogy arshin adib-moghaddam

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palestinian refugee repatriation global perspectives edited by michael dumper

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first published 2006 by routledge 2 park square milton park abingdon oxfordshire ox14 4rn simultaneously published in the usa and canada by routledge 270 madison avenue new york 10016 routledge is an imprint of the taylor francis group an informa business © 2005 michael dumper for selection and editorial matter individual contributors for their contribution this edition published in the taylor francis e-library 2006 to purchase your own copy of this or any of taylor francis or routledge s collection of thousands of ebooks please go to www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk all rights reserved no part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic mechanical or other means now known or hereafter invented including photocopying and recording or in any information storage or retrieval system without permission in writing from the publishers british library cataloguing in publication data a catalogue record for this book is available from the british library library of congress cataloging in publication data a catalog record for this book has been requested isbn10 0-415-38497-4 hbk isbn10 0-415-38550-4 pbk isbn13 978-0-415-38497-1 hbk isbn13 978-0-415-38550-3 pbk

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contents list of illustrations list of contributors list of abbreviations 1 introduction the comparative study of refugee repatriation programmes and the palestinian case michael dumper ix x xii 1 what is the palestinian refugee issue 2 purpose of the study 8 the impact of current events on the project 10 structure of the book 14 part i trends and patterns in refugee repatriation overview and the palestinian case 2 return of refugees retrospect and prospect richard black 21 23 `refugee studies key themes 23 return of refugees in the `decade of repatriation 25 return in public policy 28 return of refugees themes and discourses in the literature 29 conclusion 35 3 unhcr and repatriation patricia weiss fagen 41 repatriation policies and mechanisms 42 repatriations at the end of the cold war 45

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vi contents integration programs in countries of origin 47 the debate over unhcr s role in reintegration 56 post-conflict returns present prospects 58 4 perspectives on palestinian repatriation rex brynen 63 key issues 64 conclusion 79 5 the palestinian refugees of 1948 models of allowed and denied return menachem klein 87 the problem in context 88 point of origin 90 track two models on palestinian return 92 limited success on track two four case studies 94 the permanent status talks 98 summary 102 part ii case studies 6 `sustainable returns state politics and mobile livelihoods ­ the guatemalan case finn stepputat 107 109 the conflict in historical perspective 109 dynamics of displacement 111 frameworks of return 113 the institutional set-ups 117 choices and options 121 return reintegration and mobile livelihoods 124 refugee return and state and peace-building 126 conclusion 127 7 what does adequate assistance mean in the context of promoting viable return and appropriate compensation lessons from the horn of africa laura hammond 132 the dream and the reality of return 133 unhcr s mandate with respect to return 134

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contents lessons from the horn of africa 135 measuring self-sufficiency through household economy analysis 143 conclusion implications for palestine 151 8 linking return and reintegration to complex forced migration emergencies diversities of conflict patterns of displacement and humanitarian responses ­ a comparative analysis christopher mcdowell and nicholas van hear vii 154 the diversity of conflict and shifting patterns of displacement 156 humanitarian challenges and constraints on assistance 163 refugee repatriation idp return and reintegration 167 conclusion 176 9 refugee return in bosnia and herzegovina paul prettitore 180 the rights of refugees and displaced persons 182 the return of refugees and displaced persons 184 progress on return 198 conclusion 199 10 re-approaching voluntary repatriation within a reconciliation framework a proposal drawn from the cambodian return process ana garcÍa rodicio 209 re-approaching voluntary repatriation within a reconciliation framework 209 a proposal drawn from the cambodian return process 217 conclusion 228 11 unhcr under duress the reducing power of unhcr to influence outcomes for afghan refugees peter marsden 232 a historical outline 232 the early migrations 235 the early returns 236 new outflows and internal displacement 238 the responses of iran and pakistan 240 the responses of donors 244 the role of unhcr in the provision of reconstruction assistance to returnees after 2001 246

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viii contents the position of the afghan government 247 conclusion 248 12 politically preferred solutions and refugee choices applying the lessons of iraq to palestine michael kagan 250 voluntariness in international durable solutions standards 251 voluntariness and politically-preferred solutions a critical analysis 254 return to iraq in the first year since regime change 256 comparing theory with practice in iraq 262 what was the politically preferred situation 264 conclusion lessons from iraq 265 part iii lessons learnt 13 palestinian return migration lessons from the international refugee regime sari hanafi 271 273 the international refugee regime 273 lessons learnt from the refugee return experiences 275 conclusion 282 14 global perspectives on palestinian refugee repatriation michael dumper 287 contextualising the study of palestinian refugee repatriation 287 is it possible to make effective comparisons and policy transfers 289 themes drawn from the case studies 293 towards a toolbox for a palestinian repatriation programme 300 conclusion 308 appendix 1 appendix 2 bibliography index 311 314 318 329

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illustrations figures 6.1 10.1 proportion of collective vs individual returnees to guatemala by year until june 1999 parameters and conceptualization of the return process of cambodian returnees 1992­3 124 219 tables 1.1 2.1 2.2 6.1 7.1 7.2 a1 registered refugees in unrwa area of operations mass repatriations 1992­2002 significant return movements in 1992 and 2002 frameworks of return expected yields of a settler household metemma area amhara region woreda estimate of potential income for settler households palestinian refugees internally displaced palestinians and convention refugees 3 25 27 113 147 148 315

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contributors professor richard black co-director sussex centre for migration research professor rex brynen chair middle east studies programme mcgill university dr michael dumper reader in middle east politics university of exeter dr patricia weiss fagen senior associate institute for the study of international migration georgetown university dr laura hammond assistant professor department of international community environment clark university dr sari hanafi sociologist dr nicholas van hear centre on migration policy and society university of oxford mr michael kagan lawyer instructor refugee asylum-seeker rights clinic tel aviv university law school dr menachem klein senior lecturer political science department bar ilan university mr peter marsden former coordinator british agencies afghanistan group project refugee council dr christopher mcdowell director the information centre about asylum and refugees icar school of social sciences city university london development,

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contributors paul prettitore legal advisor the world bank west bank jerusalem ana garcia rodicio researcher globalitaria peace-building initiatives madrid dr finn stepputat senior researcher danish institute for international studies xi

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abbreviations ahlc ai auc b&h cap ccpp cear cirefca civpol cnr codaic comar compas condeg cpa crpc crt ctear dfid ad hoc liaison committee amnesty international autodefensas unidas de colombia bosnia and herzegovina consolidated inter-agency appeal process comisión permanente de refugiados permanent commission of refugees comisión especial para la atención a repatriados refugiados y desplacados special commission for assistance to repatriates refugees and internally displaced persons conferencia internacional para refugiados en centro america central american conference on refugees civilian police force comisión de reconstrucción nacional national commission for reconstruction coordinador para el desarollo autónomo e integral comunitario coordinator for integrated communitarian development comisión mexicana de ayuda a refugiados mexican commission for refugees centre on migration policy and society consejo nacional de desplazados de guatemala council for displaced persons in guatemala comprehensive plan of action commission for real property claims claims resolution tribunal comisión técnica para la ejecución del acuerdo sobre el reasentamiento de las poblaciones desarraigadas por el enfrentamiento armado technical commission for the resettlement of populations displaced by the armed conflict department for international development

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abbreviations dpa drc echr egp eu fao farc fea gnp goe gog gom gricar xiii hea hep icva idps idrc ifis ilo iom iro jpkf ltte mdm minugua mopic nato ngo ohr onusal opts osce pa pdpa pic plip plo ppr prodere prrn dayton peace agreement democratic republic of congo european convention on human rights ejército guerrillero de los pobres guerilla army of the poor european union food and agriculture organization revolutionary armed forces of colombia food economy analysis gross national product government of ethiopia government of guatemala government of mexico grupo internacional de consulta y apoyo al retorno international group for consultancy and support to the return household economy analysis humanitarian evacuation programme international committee of voluntary agencies internally displaced persons international development research centre international financing institutions international labour organization international organization for migration international refugee organization joint peacekeeping force liberation tigers of tamil eelam ministry for displacement and migration united nations verification mission in guatemala ministry of planning and international cooperation north atlantic treaty organization non-governmental organization office of the high representative united nations observer mission in el salvador occupied palestinian territories organization for security and co-operation in europe palestinian authority sometimes pna palestinian national authority people s democratic party of afghanistan peace implementation council property law implementation plan palestine liberation organization permanent place of residence development program for refugees displaced and repatriated persons palestinian refugee research net

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xiv qips roi abbreviations quick impact projects repatriación organizada individual organized individual repatriation returns and reconstruction task force republika srpska save the children fund stabilization force in bosnia and herzegovina somali national movement indonesian army united nations united nations border relief operation united nations development programme united nations general assembly resolution united nations high commissioner for refugees united nations children s fund united nations mission in kosovo united nations office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs united nations office for project services united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east united nations security council office of the united nations special coordinator united nations transitional authority for cambodia united nations transitional administration in east timor unidad revolucionario nacional guatemalteca united national revolutionary party of guatemala united states agency for international development west bank and gaza world food programme world health organization rrtf rs scf sfor snm tni un unbro undp ungar unhcr unicef unmik unocha unops unrwa unsc unsco untac untaet urng usaid wbg wfp who

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