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social studies chapter 14 sections 1-4 chapter 14 ­ section 1 1 14-1 372 during the 1820s through the 1850s the north based its economy largely on different types of industry or manufacturing 2 14-1 372 during the 1820s through the 1850s the south based its economy largely on agriculture 3 14-1 372 the south s agricultural economy relied heavily on cotton produced with the help of unpaid slave labor african american slaves 4 14-1 372 the north depended on labor provided by workers who were paid 5 14-1 372 the enslaved african americans in the south had no civil rights or constitutionally guaranteed freedoms 6 14-1 374 in the mid-1800s industry was picking up pace due to steam powered equipment improved machinery and a growth of new inventions 7 14-1 374 in 1846 a new sewing machine was patented by elias howe 8 14-1 374 a few years after elias howe patented the sewing machine this man made improvements to it that made it possible for shirt factories to out-produce all hand made tailor produced clothing isaac singer 9 14-1 374 this man invented a lightweight steel plow john deere

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10 14-1 374 in 1847 this man opened up a factory in chicago to produce mechanical reapers machines that quickly harvest wheat and other grains he was cyrus mccormick 11 14-1 374 cyrus mccormick let struggling farmers use this plan to pay for their mechanical reapers installment buying plan 12 14-1 375 in 1844 this man invented the telegraph and the letter coding needed to send and understand messages samuel f b morse 13 14-1 376 in 1829 an english family developed a steam powered locomotive engine that could travel at a top speed of 30 m.p.h the locomotive was named the rocket 14 14-1 376 this group was worried about losing jobs because railroads would compete with them moving freight in wagons drawn by horses or mules teamsters 15 14-1 377 in 1845 this american launched the first clipper ship the rainbow clipper ships traveled across the oceans much faster than other ships of the day the man was john griffiths 16 14-1 377 clipper ships helped establish a large share of world trade for the u.s in the 1840s and 1850s but their usefulness was outlived when britain launched the first larger and faster iron steamships 17 14-1 377 by the 1830s american industry began to expand rapidly due to the invention of the steam engine

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18 14-1 377 with steam power no water wheels were needed to drive machinery and manufacturing no longer needed to have plants and factories located by swift flowing rivers rivers

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chapter 14 ­ section 2 1 14-2 379 workers who have learned a trade are called artisans 2 14-2 379 in the 1820s and 1830s artisans wanting to have better working conditions united together to form trade unions 3 14-2 379 sometimes when workers in a trade union have demanded certain improvements like higher wages or shorter workdays and the employers have not responded to their demands workers would all refuse to do their job this is called a strike 4 14-2 379 in 1940 this president approved a 10 hour workday for government employees martin van buren 5 14-2 381 women who saw union progress began to organize unions as well in lowell massachusetts this woman organized the lowell female labor reform association sarah bagley 6 14-2 381 a severe food shortage is called a famine 7 14-2 381 in the 1840s a potato disease killed potato crops across europe and britain this ethnic group of people hardest hit by the disease forced many to leave their farms and come to america they were the irish 8 14-2 381 many from this group of europeans immigrated to america to avoid political factions fighting over the politics of their country in a failed attempt to bring about democratic reform they were the germans

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9 14-2 381 in the 1840s and 1850s about 4 million immigrants entered the united states many came to avoid famine and political abuse this group of americans did not want immigrants to keep coming to the u s they were called nativists 10 14-2 381 in the 1850s nativists interested in arresting or limiting immigration formed a new political party called the know-nothing party 11 14-2 381 a policy or attitude that denies equal rights and treatment to certain groups of people is called discrimination 12 14-2 381 in the early 1800s thousands of free african americans had trouble finding work in the north they were often denied equal rights 13 14-2 382 this african american grew wealthy as the owner of a lumber yard in pennsylvania william whipper 14 14-2 382 some northern u.s free african americans avoided work discrimination by building their own company or learning an independent trade this african american operated a profitable furniture company in cincinnati ohio henry boyd 15 14-2 382 in 1845 this man became the first united states licensed african american lawyer macon allen 16 14-2 382 after graduating from a college in maine this african american became one of the editors of freedom s journal the first african american newspaper john russworm

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chapter 14 ­ section 3 1 14-3 383 in 1793 this schoolteacher invented a machine called the cotton gin which could automatically remove seeds from cotton one man operating the cotton gin could match the hand seed removal of 50 workers his name was eli whitney 2 14-3 384 cotton planters began moving westward because growing cotton without crop rotation would wear out the soil by the 1850s cotton plantations extended west in a wide band from south carolina through arkansas and mississippi to texas this area of the south became known as the cotton kingdom 3 14-3 385 as cotton production grew in the south so did slavery 4 14-3 385 besides cotton other important money crops called cash crops grown in the south were rice sugarcane and tobacco 5 14-3 385 southern economy was also boosted because the south led the nation in raising hogs oxen horses mules and beef cattle which we call livestock 6 14-3 386 wanting to encourage the growth of industry in the south while making a profit using locally grown cotton this man modeled his cotton textile mill in south carolina on the ones in lowell massachusetts he was william gregg 7 14-3 386 though industrialization in the south was far behind that in the north some did exist this richmond virginia company produced railroad equipment machinery tools and cannons tredegar iron works

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chapter 14 ­ section 4 1 14-4 388 families in the south wealthy because of owning large cotton plantations and usually 50 or more african american slaves were called the cottonocracy 2 14-4 390 free southern african american who invented a machine that greatly improved the way sugar was produced norbert rillieux 3 14-4 390 free southern african american who invented a seed planter henry blair 4 14-4 390 laws of southern states that kept slaves from running away or rebelling and also denied them the right to learn to read or write were called slave codes 5 14-4 393 kinship related african american slaves that were able to stay together because they lived on very large plantations extended family 6 14-4 393 this free african american who helped plan a violent revolt in 1822 was betrayed and executed with 35 others denmark vesey 7 14-4 393 caught and executed in 1831 this african american led a major slave revolt in which 57 whites were killed nat turner

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8 amendment review 13th ­ banned slavery 14th ­ citizenship born in u.s.a 15th ­ citizens can vote 16th ­ income tax 17th ­ direct election of senators 18th ­ ban alcohol prohibition 19th ­ women s suffrage 20th ­ presidential terms 21st ­ prohibition repealed

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