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regents exam in global history and geography the university of the state of new york regents high school examination global history and geography friday january 28 2011 9:15 a.m to 12:15 p.m only student name school name print your name and the name of your school on the lines above then turn to the last page of this booklet which is the answer sheet for part i fold the last page along the perforations and slowly and carefully tear off the answer sheet then fill in the heading of your answer sheet now print your name and the name of your school in the heading of each page of your essay booklet this examination has three parts you are to answer all questions in all parts use black or dark-blue ink to write your answers part i contains 50 multiple-choice questions record your answers to these questions on the separate answer sheet part ii contains one thematic essay question write your answer to this question in the essay booklet beginning on page 1 part iii is based on several documents part iii a contains the documents each document is followed by one or more questions in the test booklet write your answer to each question on the lines following that question be sure to enter your name and the name of your school on the first page of this section part iii b contains one essay question based on the documents write your answer to this question in the essay booklet beginning on page 7 when you have completed the examination you must sign the statement printed on the part i answer sheet indicating that you had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that you have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination your answer sheet cannot be accepted if you fail to sign this declaration the use of any communications device is strictly prohibited when taking this examination if you use any communications device no matter how briefly your examination will be invalidated and no score will be calculated for you do not open this examination booklet until the signal is given regents exam in global history and geography

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part i answer all questions in this part directions 1­50 for each statement or question write on the separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that of those given best completes the statement or answers the question base your answer to question 1 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies geneticists are tracing the movements of people in prehistoric europe using our dna as a time machine joe palca tracing human migration through dna npr weekend edition saturday august 11 2007 6 which name identifies the region located between the tigris and euphrates rivers 1 cape of good hope 3 mesopotamia 2 sinai peninsula 4 horn of africa 7 the best definition of subsistence agriculture is 1 supplying crops for overseas exports 2 bartering crops for manufactured goods 3 storing surplus food in case of famine 4 producing just enough food for a family s use 8 which geographic feature most directly influenced the development of greek city-states 1 deserts 3 vast plains 2 mountainous terrain 4 monsoons 9 which development is most closely associated with the beginning of the byzantine empire 1 emergence of the russian orthodox church 2 division of the roman empire 3 building of the hagia sophia 4 fall of constantinople 10 · creation of the house of wisdom in baghdad · development of algebra · use of calligraphy as an art form which golden age is most closely associated with these achievements 1 islamic 3 tang 2 gupta 4 songhai 11 marco polo and ibn battuta are best known for 1 exploring the western hemisphere 2 leading religious movements 3 opening trade between africa and japan 4 providing extensive information about lands and people 1 this passage suggests that modern science can be used to 1 aid historical analysis 2 show the development of a point of view 3 explain ancient medical practices 4 predict future events 2 why is southeast asia considered a crossroads 1 large deposits of oil are available 2 a number of trade routes intersect 3 a single culture is dominant 4 rivers serve as highways 3 in which economic system used by early civilizations are decisions about the distribution of goods based primarily on customs beliefs and habits 1 mixed 3 traditional 2 free-market 4 command 4 the neolithic revolution is often considered a turning point in history because 1 city dwellers learned to control fire 2 societies became more nomadic 3 nuclear families evolved into extended families 4 permanent settlements developed in river valleys 5 filial piety and the five relationships are most often associated with 1 hinduism 3 animism 2 daoism 4 confucianism global hist geo ­ jan 11 [2]

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base your answer to question 12 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies constantinople source decameron web brown university adapted 12 the information on this map suggests that the black death was primarily spread by the actions of 1 invading armies 3 merchants 2 nomadic peoples 4 explorers 13 · stained glass windows assist people in understanding biblical stories · taller and larger cathedrals emphasize the grandeur and glory of god these statements best describe elements of 1 the four noble truths 2 chinese pagodas 3 gothic architecture 4 greek ideas 14 which statement is an opinion rather than a fact 1 mansa musa made a pilgrimage to mecca 2 mali would have flourished without mansa musa s influence 3 mali s economy was based on the gold and salt trade 4 timbuktu became a center for islamic learning global hist geo ­ jan 11 [3 [over]

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15 one similarity between the nile river valley and savanna lands in africa is that they both 1 served as major barriers to the movement of people and goods 2 provided necessary resources for settlement 3 are located on the western side of the continent 4 had little effect on the lives of the people who lived in these regions 16 by closing japanese harbors to most foreigners in the 1600s the tokugawa shogunate attempted to 1 protect japan from european influence 2 increase japanese agricultural production 3 eliminate japan s influence on southeast asia 4 destroy traditional japanese culture 17 the ottomans were a strong trading empire through the mid-1600s because they 1 controlled access to the eastern mediterranean sea 2 had the most powerful navy in the world 3 dominated west african caravan routes 4 conquered most of asia 18 one way in which the aztec and inca civilizations are similar is that they both 1 defeated the spanish conquistadors 2 developed advanced architectural techniques 3 lacked strong central governments 4 settled primarily in river valleys 19 one effect of the encomienda system in latin america was that it 1 eliminated the use of guilds 2 promoted isolationism 3 exploited indigenous peoples 4 reduced spanish influence 20 the magna carta the petition of right and the english bill of rights led the english government to develop a political system in which 1 rulers were responsible to the people 2 religious authorities controlled the lawmaking process 3 the power of the monarch came from god 4 the individual was denied a trial by jury global hist geo ­ jan 11 21 which statement accurately reflects population changes that occurred as a result of the age of exploration 1 most latin american populations became more culturally diverse 2 one third of europe s population died due to exposure to diseases from the americas 3 the introduction of goods from the americas caused a decline in asian populations 4 native americans migrated to africa causing increases in african populations 22 enlightenment thinkers encouraged the improvement of society through the 1 teachings of the church 2 use of reason 3 development of absolutism 4 establishment of a rigid social hierarchy 23 angry mob destroys bastille robespierre s execution ends reign of terror napoleon seizes power which country s revolution is referred to in these headlines 1 spain 3 france 2 austria 4 russia 24 the slogan blood and iron and a united germany are most closely associated with 1 prince metternich 3 camillo cavour 2 simón bolívar 4 otto von bismarck 25 which pair of natural resources were used to change transportation and manufacturing in great britain during the industrial revolution 1 gold and salt 2 diamonds and petroleum 3 copper and tin 4 coal and iron ore 26 what is one reason for japan s involvement in the first sino-japanese war and the annexation of korea 1 pursuit of imperialistic goals 2 reaction to foreign invasions 3 institution of five-year plans 4 need for a warm-water port [4]

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base your answer to question 27 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies europe at the outbreak of world war i august 1914 dacb source make history web page bedford/st martin s adapted 27 which area of europe was known as the powder keg of europe prior to the outbreak of world war i 1 a 3 c 2 b 4 d 28 one similarity between the sepoy rebellion in india and the boxer rebellion in china is that both were 1 religious reform movements 2 reactions to the opium trade 3 attempts to end foreign interference 4 successful revolts against absolute monarchs global hist geo ­ jan 11 29 between 1923 and 1938 which leader instituted a modernization program in turkey 1 shah reza pahlavi 3 kemal atatürk 2 jawaharlal nehru 4 ho chi minh [5 [over]

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30 the rise of fascism in germany between world war i and world war ii is often associated with the 1 promotion of ethnic diversity 2 appeal of the doctrine of nonviolence 3 establishment of a strong parliamentary system 4 impact of the global economic depression 31 one way in which the conquest of manchuria by the japanese 1931 and the annexation of czechoslovakia by germany 1939 are similar is that these actions 1 marked the end of the aggressive expansion of these nations 2 demonstrated the weakness of the league of nations 3 reestablished the balance of power in the world 4 led to the long march 32 during world war ii the importance of the d-day invasion of 1944 was that it 1 forced germany to fight on multiple fronts 2 made germany move their military to the russian front 3 ended the bombing of germany 4 demonstrated german military dominance 33 people would prefer their own bad government rather than submit to the good government of a foreign power which concept statement 1 nationalism 2 communism is characterized 3 socialism 4 militarism by this base your answer to question 35 on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies 35 in this cartoon which region is represented by the nations that are seeking membership in the north atlantic treaty organization nato 1 latin america 3 southeast asia 2 central africa 4 eastern europe 36 which region is most closely associated with conflict in the west bank golan heights and the sinai peninsula 1 east africa 3 western europe 2 middle east 4 central asia 37 in the 1990s which two countries dominated the headlines because genocide was occurring in those countries 1 switzerland and poland 2 vietnam and singapore 3 sudan and rwanda 4 costa rica and jamaica 38 which leader s policies included glasnost and perestroika 1 fidel castro 3 mikhail gorbachev 2 nikita khrushchev 4 deng xiaoping 34 which function of the united nations is based on the concept of collective security 1 providing health services 2 coordinating global peacekeeping 3 monitoring educational programs 4 assisting in agricultural research global hist geo ­ jan 11 [6]

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base your answers to questions 39 and 40 on the chart below and on your knowledge of social studies globalization and life expectancy longer 0 life expectancy japan israel canada australia switzerland austria 10 greece germany 20 chile slovenia united states ireland czech republic life expectancy rank 30 venezuela tunisia poland hungary 40 colombia iran egypt brazil 50 bangladesh 60 kenya uganda thailand philippines ukraine morocco russian federation pakistan senegal botswana lower life expectancy 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 less globalized globalization index rank more globalized source roger a arnold economics new ways of thinking emc publishing 2007 adapted 39 based on the information in this chart which country has the highest life expectancy 1 ireland 3 venezuela 2 japan 4 greece 40 based on the information in this chart which statement is most accurate 1 poland is less globalized than bangladesh 2 switzerland is more globalized than thailand 3 brazilians tend to live longer than canadians 4 pakistanis tend to have shorter lives than ugandans global hist geo ­ jan 11 [7 [over]

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base your answer to question 41 on the time line below and on your knowledge of social studies 1974 south africa suspended from united nations 1990 president deklerk lifts ban outlawing the african national congress 1963 nelson mandela put on trial 1979 bishop desmond tutu calls for economic sanctions against the south african government 1994 nelson mandela elected president of south africa 41 which policy is most closely associated with the events on this time line 1 nonalignment 3 containment 2 détente 4 apartheid 42 an objective of the european union eu for the early 21st century is to 1 withdraw from its military alliances 2 further integrate its economic system 3 establish a nuclear buffer zone 4 limit production of alternative fuels 43 contaminated food from china sold in the united states computer virus shuts down hundreds of businesses worldwide multinational corporations relocate factories these headlines are directly related to 1 world hunger 2 overpopulation 3 global warming 4 economic interdependence 44 one way in which knights samurai and warlords are similar is that they all 1 were traditional religious leaders 2 occupied military posts in the chinese empire 3 expelled the moors from spain 4 held positions of power in feudal systems global hist geo ­ jan 11 45 in what way did the rivers of russia influence its history 1 they provided a network for trade between the byzantine empire and russia 2 they allowed japan to defeat russia in the russo-japanese war 3 they were used by napoleon to invade russia 4 they gave the mongols a route to conquer russia 46 which title best completes the partial outline below i a sugar tobacco and cotton to europe b textiles rum and manufactured goods to africa c enslaved africans to the americas 1 2 3 4 trade within the hanseatic league elements of triangular trade factors of industrialization results of the congress of vienna [8]

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47 · vasco da gama discovered an all-water route from europe to india · ferdinand magellan s crew circumnavigated the globe · issac newton defined the forces of gravity these events relate most directly to 1 revised understandings of natural surroundings 2 questioning the benefits of the mercantile system 3 increased suspicion between different religions 4 development of new manufacturing techniques 48 one way in which king louis xvi of france and czar nicholas ii of russia are similar is that both 1 were executed by revolutionaries 2 were known as great military leaders 3 advocated religious reform 4 supported the emancipation of serfs 49 porfirio diaz francisco pancho villa and emiliano zapata are best known for their struggles in the 1 haitian independence movement 2 mexican revolution 3 nicaraguan war 4 cuban revolution 50 which region is most closely associated with the event with which it is paired 1 central africa calling for the crusades by pope urban ii 2 east asia issuing of the balfour declaration 3 south america munich conference 4 eastern europe berlin airlift global hist geo ­ jan 11 [9 [over]

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answers to the essay questions are to be written in the separate essay booklet in developing your answer to part ii be sure to keep this general definition in mind discuss means to make observations about something using facts reasoning and argument to present in some detail part ii thematic essay question directions write a well-organized essay that includes an introduction several paragraphs addressing the task below and a conclusion theme geography geographic features have influenced the historical and cultural development of civilizations empires countries and regions of the world task select three different geographic features and for each · discuss how this geographic feature influenced the historical and/or cultural development of a specific civilization empire country or region you may use any geographic feature from your study of global history some suggestions you might wish to consider include rivers seas oceans rain forests plains mountains deserts islands and monsoons you are not limited to these suggestions do not write about the geographic features of the united states guidelines in your essay be sure to · develop all aspects of the task · support the theme with relevant facts examples and details · use a logical and clear plan of organization including an introduction and a conclusion that are beyond a restatement of the theme global hist geo ­ jan 11 [10]

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name school part iii document-based question this question is based on the accompanying documents the question is designed to test your ability to work with historical documents some of these documents have been edited for the purposes of this question as you analyze the documents take into account the source of each document and any point of view that may be presented in the document historical context throughout history ideas have shaped and influenced various societies and regions these ideas include heliocentrism natural rights and marxism task using the information from the documents and your knowledge of global history answer the questions that follow each document in part a your answers to the questions will help you write the part b essay in which you will be asked to choose two ideas mentioned in the historical context and for each · explain the idea · discuss how this idea influenced societies or regions in developing your answers to part iii be sure to keep these general definitions in mind a explain means to make plain or understandable to give reasons for or causes of to show the logical development or relationships of b discuss means to make observations about something using facts reasoning and argument to present in some detail global hist geo ­ jan 11 [11 [over]

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part a short-answer questions directions analyze the documents and answer the short-answer questions that follow each document in the space provided document 1 the copernican model a sun-centered solar system the earth-centered universe of aristotle and ptolemy held sway on [governed western thinking for almost 2000 years then in the 16th century a new idea was proposed by the polish astronomer nicolai copernicus 1473­1543 the heliocentric system in a book called on the revolutions of the heavenly bodies that was published as copernicus lay on his deathbed copernicus proposed that the sun not the earth was the center of the solar system such a model is called a heliocentric system the ordering of the planets known to copernicus in this new system is illustrated in the following figure which we recognize as the modern ordering of those planets saturn jupiter mars moon mercury earth venus fixed stars sun source the copernican model a sun-centered solar system department of physics astronomy university of tennessee 1 based on this document how was copernicus s theory of heliocentrism different from ptolemy s ideas about the universe [1 score global hist geo ­ jan 11 [12]

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document 2 this is an excerpt from a letter written by galileo galilei in 1615 to the grand duchess christina defending his approach to science some years ago as your serene highness well knows i discovered in the heavens many things that had not been seen before our own age the novelty of these things as well as some consequences which followed from them in contradiction to the physical notions commonly held among academic philosophers stirred up against me no small number of professors as if i had placed these things in the sky with my own hands in order to upset nature and overturn the sciences they seemed to forget that the increase of known truths stimulates the investigation establishment and growth of the arts not their diminution [lessening or destruction showing a greater fondness for their own opinions than for truth they sought to deny and disprove the new things which if they had cared to look for themselves their own senses would have demonstrated to them to this end they hurled various charges and published numerous writings filled with vain arguments and they made the grave mistake of sprinkling these with passages taken from places in the bible which they had failed to understand properly and which were ill suited to their purposes source galileo galilei letter to the grand duchess christina 1615 2a according to galileo why is the search for truth important [1 score b which document did galileo s opponents use to support their opinions [1 score global hist geo ­ jan 11 [13 [over]

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document 3 at first the discoveries of copernicus and galileo upset many europeans over time however a new way of thinking about science emerged scientists began to observe the world around them and to develop ideas about why things happened they did experiments to test these ideas this new way of thinking was called the scientific method 1 state the problem 7 repeat steps 1­6 2 collect information about the problem 6 state a conclusion 3 form a hypothesis or educated guess 4 experiment to test the hypothesis 5 record and analyze data source guide to the essentials of world history prentice hall 1999 adapted 3 based on this excerpt and diagram from guide to the essentials of world history what is one way copernicus galileo and others influenced how scientists work [1 score global hist geo ­ jan 11 [14]

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document 4 key ideas locke s advice on government reason teaches that all human beings are equal and independent the state of nature has a law of nature to govern it no one ought to harm another in his life health liberty or possessions governments are made by the consent of the people 4 based on the information in this graphic organizer state two specific rights that john locke believed all humans have [2 1 score 2 score global hist geo ­ jan 11 [15 [over]

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