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8 the university of the state of new york grade 8 intermediate-level science test written test june 7 2010 student name school name print your name and the name of your school on the lines above the questions on this test measure your knowledge and understanding of science the test has two parts both parts are contained in this test booklet part i consists of 45 multiple-choice questions record your answers to these questions on the separate answer sheet use only a no 2 pencil on your answer sheet part ii consists of 36 open-ended questions write your answers to these questions in the spaces provided in this test booklet you may use a calculator to answer the questions on the test if needed you will have two hours to answer the questions on this test do not turn this page until you are told to do so copyright 2010 the university of the state of new york the state education department albany new york 12234 no part of this test may be reproduced and/or transmitted by any means without written permission.

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part i directions there are 45 questions on part i of the test each question is followed by three or four choices numbered 1 through 4 read each question carefully decide which choice is the best answer on the separate answer sheet mark your answer in the row of circles for each question by filling in the circle that has the same number as the answer you have chosen read the sample question below sample question earth gets most of its light from 1 2 3 4 the stars the sun the moon other planets the correct answer is the sun which is choice number 2 on your answer sheet look at the box showing the row of answer circles for the sample question since choice number 2 is the correct answer for the sample question the circle with the number 2 has been filled in answer all of the questions in part i in the same way mark only one answer for each question if you want to change an answer be sure to erase your first mark completely then mark the answer you want you will not need scrap paper you may use the pages of this test booklet to work out your answers to the questions you may use a calculator if needed when you are told to start working turn the page and begin with question 1 work carefully and answer all of the questions in part i when you have finished part i go right on to part ii answer all of the questions in part ii grade 8 science june 10 [3 [over]

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part i 1 the label below shows the nutritional information for one serving of macaroni and cheese in one serving of this macaroni and cheese how many calories come from fat 1 12 3 110 2 65 4 250 2 a student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 millimeter to 12 millimeters in size the student was making 1 an inference 3 a prediction 2 a hypothesis 4 an observation grade 8 science june 10 [4]

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3 the graph below represents the relationship between the amount of spring rainfall recorded at a pond and the number of frogs in that pond the data were collected over five spring seasons spring rainfall and number of frogs 80 number of frogs in the pond 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 15 20 10 amount of spring rainfall cm 25 what is the difference between the number of frogs in the pond when the rainfall was 5 cm and when the rainfall was 20 cm 1 20 3 50 2 40 4 60 4 the diagram below shows a sequence of environmental changes in an area over a long period of time pond time swamp land community which statement best describes the changes shown in the diagram 1 over time one natural area is replaced by another 2 over time the number of fish increases 3 the environment goes through seasonal changes 4 precipitation follows cloud formation grade 8 science june 10 [5 [over]

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5 the chart below shows the inferred evolution of some dinosaurs during three time periods in earth s history 65.5 million years ago cretaceous triceratops trachodon tyrannosaurus 146 million years ago jurassic apatosaurus camptosaurus stegosaurus saurischian dinosaurs 200 million years ago triassic ornithischian dinosaurs coelophysis 251 million years ago theodont which dinosaur most likely evolved from coelophysis 1 theodont 3 triceratops 2 tyrannosaurus 4 camptosaurus 6 a student fails to eat a balanced diet over a period of time this lack of a balanced diet can lead to 1 selective breeding 3 extinction 2 dynamic equilibrium 4 disease 7 which human organ system eliminates liquid and gaseous wastes from the body 1 circulatory 3 excretory 2 endocrine 4 reproductive 8 which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth development and reproduction 1 circulatory 3 nervous 2 digestive 4 endocrine grade 8 science june 10 [6]

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9 what model is used to show the pattern of traits that are passed from one generation to the next in a family 1 pedigree chart 2 dichotomous key 3 energy pyramid 4 line graph base your answers to questions 10 and 11 on the diagram of a green plant below and on your knowledge of science four parts of the plant are labeled a b c and d 12 cancer is most often the result of 1 abnormal cell division 2 natural selection 3 bacterial infection 4 biological adaptation 13 what are genes composed of 1 offspring 3 cells 2 dna 4 traits 14 an organism is born with a genetic abnormality not present in any of its ancestors this abnormality is most likely the result of 1 circulation 3 mutation 2 competition 4 respiration 15 when the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt the species may become 1 extinct 3 diverse 2 dominant 4 overpopulated a b c 16 when do organs and organ systems begin to develop in humans 1 before fertilization 3 during childhood 2 before birth 4 during adulthood 17 some one-celled organisms can reproduce by the process of 1 hormone secretion 3 fertilization 2 metamorphosis 4 cell division 18 which structure is found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell 1 cell wall 3 cytoplasm 2 cell membrane 4 nucleus d 10 which part of the plant is directly involved in sexual reproduction 1 a 3 c 2 b 4 d 11 in which part of the plant does most photosynthesis occur 1 a 3 c 2 b 4 d grade 8 science june 10 [7 [over]

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base your answers to questions 19 through 21 on the diagram and table below and on your knowledge of science the diagram shows a lab dish containing organisms collected at the edge of a forest not drawn to scale the table identifies several organisms based on their characteristics identification table organism spiders and ticks insects characteristics ­ 8 legs ­ no antennae ­ 6 legs ­ 1 pair of antennae ­ more than 8 legs ­ 1 pair of antennae on head ­ 1 pair of legs on each body part ­ more than 8 legs ­ 1 pair of antennae on head ­ 2 pair of legs on each body part centipedes millipedes 19 how many of the organisms in the lab dish are insects 1 1 3 3 2 2 4 4 grade 8 science june 10 [8]

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20 over time these organisms evolved from a common ancestor which process best explains why they now have different characteristics 1 extinction 3 asexual reproduction 2 metabolism 4 biological adaptation 21 in all of these organisms which microscopic structures carry out the major life functions 1 chloroplasts 3 wings 2 cells 4 antennae 22 the diagram below shows a cross section of a portion of earth s crust that has not been overturned letters a b c and d represent sedimentary rock layers that contain fossils abcd not drawn to scale which rock layer contains the oldest fossils 1 a 2 b 3 c 4 d 23 insulin and glucagon are hormones that affect blood sugar levels the diagram below shows the feedback system used by the human body to increase and decrease blood sugar levels higher blood sugar glucagon released lower blood sugar insulin released this feedback system is one way that the human body 1 circulates gases 2 maintains equilibrium 3 destroys viruses 4 transports nutrients grade 8 science june 10 [9 [over]

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24 the diagram below shows several organisms in a fish tank sunlight fish water plant snail rock which item in the tank produces oxygen 1 plant 2 water 3 snail 4 rock 25 the sequence below occurs over a long period of geologic time step 1 depression filled with mud step 2 shell pressed into mud step 3 shell is gone but impression is left the sequence shows the steps involved in the formation of 1 an element 3 a fault 2 an igneous rock 4 a fossil 26 the diagram below shows a triple-beam balance 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 100 0 1 2 200 3 4 300 5 6 400 7 8 500 9 10 what is the maximum mass in grams that could be measured by this balance 1 110 3 610 2 500 4 1510 grade 8 science june 10 [10]

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27 the moon s surface is visible to an observer on 32 which physical property is used to identify a mineral earth because the moon based on its resistance to being scratched 1 reflects sunlight 1 hardness 3 color 2 absorbs light from earth 2 density 4 streak 3 produces its own light 4 transmits sunlight 33 the diagram below shows a portion of earth s crust 28 a full moon is observed in buffalo new york on june 1 approximately when will the next full soil moon be observed in buffalo 1 june 7 3 july 1 2 june 15 4 july 7 29 the diagram below shows earth at four locations in its orbit around the sun rock fragments bedrock not drawn to scale sun the formation of the rock fragments was most likely a result of 1 cooling 3 melting 2 folding 4 weathering 34 most scientists agree that an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases entering earth s which motion do the arrows in the diagram atmosphere causes represent 1 a decrease in sea level 1 earth s rotation 3 earth s revolution 2 a decrease in average surface temperatures 2 the sun s rotation 4 the sun s revolution 3 an increase in melting of polar ice caps 4 an increase in crustal plate movement 30 on which date does north america usually experience the longest period of daylight 1 march 21 3 september 21 2 june 21 4 december 21 35 a student is trying to dissolve 20 grams of sugar in a beaker containing 250 milliliters of water at room temperature what can the student do to make the sugar dissolve faster in the water 1 decrease the temperature of the water 31 earth s hydrosphere is best described as the 2 use larger pieces of sugar 1 relatively thin layer of rock found above 3 stir rapidly earth s mantle 4 use less water 2 relatively thin layer of water covering most of earth s crust 3 hot liquid rock located in earth s outer core 4 very dense rock located in earth s inner core not drawn to scale grade 8 science june 10 [11 [over]

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base your answers to questions 36 and 37 on the portion of the periodic table of the elements shown below and on your knowledge of science portion of the periodic table of the elements key 1 hydrogen 1 h approximate atomic mass symbol name groups atomic number 13 11 12 18 4 he ne ar 14 14 15 16 16 19 17 helium 2 20 b boron 5 27 c si nposf cl al carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon 6 7 8 9 10 28 31 32 35 40 15 75 sulfur 16 79 chlorine argon 17 18 80 84 11 64 65 12 aluminum silicon 13 14 70 73 cu ag silver 47 zn cd ga gallium 31 115 ge 32 119 as arsenic 33 122 se te br i kr xe xenon 54 copper zinc 29 30 108 112 selenium bromine krypton 34 35 36 128 127 131 in sn tin 50 sb cadmium indium 49 48 antimony tellurium iodine 51 52 53 36 the elements fluorine chlorine bromine and iodine are all found in the same group 17 on the table these elements are grouped together because they 1 are metals 3 have the same atomic mass 2 react in similar ways 4 are noble gases 37 water h2o is not found on the periodic table of the elements because water is 1 an atom 3 a mixture 2 a liquid 4 a compound 38 the diagram below shows what occurs when a ray of light strikes and enters a pond of li ray ght pond which property of light is illustrated when the ray enters the pond 1 refraction 3 absorption 2 reflection 4 emission grade 8 science june 10 [12]

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39 compared to the particles in a hardened lava sample the particles in a liquid lava sample 1 have a lower temperature 2 have less kinetic energy 3 are moving faster 4 are closer together 40 the diagram below shows a home with a solar heating system sunlight solar collector water in solar collector absorbs heat heated water radiator water pump heated air 42 the force of an object with a certain mass accelerating at a certain rate can be determined by using the equation below force mass acceleration which object would have the greatest force 1 a 5-kg object accelerating at 10 m/s2 2 a 5-kg object accelerating at 20 m/s2 3 a 20-kg object accelerating at 4 m/s2 4 a 20-kg object accelerating at 3 m/s2 43 the diagram below shows a weather instrument cooled water what is the original source of energy for this heating system 1 heated water 3 sunlight 2 heated air 4 water pump 41 which energy source is considered nonrenewable 1 moving water 3 wind 2 fossil fuel 4 biomass which weather condition is measured by this instrument 1 air humidity 3 wind direction 2 air pressure 4 wind speed grade 8 science june 10 [13 [over]

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44 the diagrams below show two ways of loading a box into a truck flat board track truck track with rollers truck the person using the track with the rollers uses less energy to load the box because the rollers reduce the 1 mass of the box 3 force of gravity 2 distance traveled by the box 4 force of friction 45 the map below shows the total rainfall in inches for parts of new york state vermont and new hampshire over one year the numbered dark lines connect locations with the same amount of total rainfall state boundaries are indicated by new york state 32 36 vermont 36 40 waterbury 36 36 40 40 36 n new hampshire 32 what was the probable amount of rainfall in inches for waterbury vermont for that year 1 35 3 37 2 36 4 43 grade 8 science june 10 [14]

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part ii directions 46­81 record your answers in the space provided below each question base your answers to questions 46 and 47 on the diagram and information below and on your knowledge of science the diagram shows an experiment conducted to see how quickly water moves through differentsize particles of the same substance particles wire screen large particles small particles two identical columns contained equal volumes of different-size particles the same amount of water was added to the top of each column a student timed how long it took for the water in each column to reach the wire screen the data table below shows the results data table particle size time seconds large small 1.2 5.0 46 list two variables that were held constant in this experiment [2 1 2 47 state one conclusion based on this experiment [1 grade 8 science june 10 [15 [over]

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