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forest management for sustainable production of goods and services in brazil

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presidente da república luiz inácio lula da silva vice-presidente da república josé alencar gomes da silva ministro do meio ambiente carlos minc secretária executiva izabella teixeira diretor-geral do serviço florestal brasileiro antonio carlos hummel conselho diretor do serviço florestal brasileiro antonio carlos hummel claudia de barros e azevedo-ramos josé natalino m silva luiz carlos de miranda joels thais linhares juvenal produção assessoria de comunicação do serviço florestal brasileiro projeto gráfico e diagramação editora ser fotos arquivo do serviço florestal brasileiro edição serviço florestal brasileiro

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jamari national forest participation and social control forest development national forest information system monitoring public forests management in community forests forest concessions national public forest registry summary contents summary 5 national public forest registry 7 forest concessions 9 management in community forests 11 monitoring public forests 13 national forest information system 15 forest development 17 participation and social control 19 jamari national forest 21

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jamari national forest participation and social control forest development national forest information system monitoring public forests management in community forests forest concessions national public forest registry summary razil has the second largest forest area in the world including the amazon region which takes up half of its territory and it is the largest continuous rainforest area on earth estimates reckon 75 of forests in that region lie in public lands despite the economic environmental and social importance of forest resources until 2006 the country did not have a legal frame to promote management in public forests then on 2nd march 2006 law 11,284 introduced a new type of public forest management for production of goods and services in the country with sights set on the conservation of such forests and on the social benefits deriving from the adequate use of forest resources forest management for sustainable production in brazilian public forests is based on mechanisms to promote forest management through 1 the creation and direct management of national state and district forests 2 the non-contributory destination of forest management rights to local communities and 3 contributory forest concessions in which the right to manage a forest is defined before the bidding process the brazilian forest service was created for the purpose of managing public forests for the production of goods and services in brazil and it established 5 b

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an innovative model to promote forest management in public lands based on sustainable production that conforms to conservation in such forests the macro-processes of public forest management in brazil are public forest registry forest concessions community forests management monitoring public forests forest information and forest development one of the strongest points of the model is the social participation 6

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jamari national forest participation and social control forest development national forest information system monitoring public forests management in community forests forest concessions national public forest registry national public forest registry t he national public forest registrycnfp ­ cadastro nacional de florestas públicas in portuguese is an essential instrument for forest planning strategy and forest management as it identifies public forests and gathers georeferenced data about them cnfp provides public managers and society with a reliable and updated database from which maps images and relevant information can be obtained thus contributing to transparency in forest management and to social participation in the process once public forests are registered it is possible to identify their state of conservation and designate them a status according to their potential purposes which the law establishes under the name `destinations assigning a public area a specific purpose is an effective strategy to conserve the amazon rainforest by barring deforestation deforestation in areas already set aside as as `conservation units protected areas and `indigenous lands is nearly ten times lower than in public forests without an assigned destination · brazilian public forests in cnfp by july 2009 comprise an area of 211 million hectares 7

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· out of these 93 197 million hectares are federal public forests and 12,3 14 million hectares are state public forests · 93 of public forests in the registry are found in the amazon area · 59,3 million hectares 26 are conservation units · indigenous lands comprise 108.4 million hectares 51.4 of forests · 12.1 of public forests have not been assigned a destination yet · 58 of public forests are community forests 8

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jamari national forest participation and social control forest development national forest information system monitoring public forests management in community forests forest concessions forest concessions orest concessions that include payment for the sustainable use of forest products and services constitute one of the possible types of public forest management in brazil this kind of management applies for instance to national forests only public forests selected by the annual forest concession plan paof -planejamento anual de outorga florestal can be subject to forest concessions the selection of these forests is based on technical and objective criteria to identify and prioritize forest concessions for the subsequent year the concession of public forests for forest production is the result of a public hearing and bidding process that is based on reliable information extensive public consultations and selection of concessionaries considering best techniques and not only the best prices offered among the technical criteria considered are most efficient management lowest environmental impact higher social benefit and greater value aggregation to the forest products under concession the main characteristics of the forest concession model in brazil are · only companies that meet the requirements listed in the bidding process and have proven technical capability for performance may participate 9 f

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· the object of the forest concession contract is the right to exploit the goods and services specified in contract terms within forest management units and exclusively through sustainable forest management or through sustainable practices to supply services · forest concessions do not grant rights to property entitlement access to genetic heritage use of water resources mineral exploitation fish and wildlife trade or carbon credit trading · contracts may last from 5 to 40 years depending on the production cycle of the product or service · each concession lot shall have at least two types of forest management unit sizes which are either large 40,000 ha medium 20 to 40k ha or small 20,000 ha · each concessioner can only have up to 2 concession contracts in order to avoid economic concentration 10

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jamari national forest participation and social control forest development national forest information system monitoring public forests management in community forests management in community forests t he importance of community forests can be felt by the magnitude their territory and population they encompass nearly 123 million hectares that is 58 of public forests currently included in the national public forest registry and a population of over 2.2 million inhabitants who earn their livelihoods from these forests these figures show brazilian state efforts to acknowledged traditional people and communities rights the federal institutional responsibility depends on the designation of the forest and on the groups that inhabit them extractivist reserves and federal sustainable development reserves for instance are managed by the chico mendes institute of biodiversity conservation icmbio because they are conservation units the national indigenous people s foundation funai managed indigenous lands while different categories of settlement projects including the special projects on quilombolas descendants of slaves residing in hideouts known as quilombos are managed by the national institute for colonization and land reform incra the non-contributory destination of public forests for community use is one of the three possible types of management for sustainable production of goods and services stipulated by law 11,284 from 2006 main recent achievements on community-based forest management are 11

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· the national forest commission conaflor has created a permanent working group whose main goal is to discuss and propose strategies and policies suited for community-based forest management · a national community-based forest management program was created by decree 6.874/09 from 2009 june 5 which among other things introduced the concept of community and family forest management in the brazilian legal system and also specified the beneficiaries of such policy · in addition to the establishment of a specific policy for community-based forest management another important achievement was the inclusion of ten non-timber forest products in the federal government s minimal price policy · the forest service has supported forest management by providing training support to social organizations and technical assistance in settlement projects 12

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jamari national forest participation and social control forest development national forest information system monitoring public forests monitoring public forests p ublic forests must be inspected and monitored from many aspects and by many brazilian institutions the main aspects to be monitored are the protection of forest integrity the dynamics of development in forests under management and socioenvironmental aspects such as conflicts environmental impacts of the forest management policy and conditions on the outskirts of such forests responsibility for the environmental surveillance of public forests in brazil including all activities related to forest management in those areas lies with the brazilian institute of environment and renewable natural resources ibama and state environmental agencies the brazilian forest service is responsible for monitoring and inspecting forest concession contracts and for determining independent forest auditing processes that are mandatory for concessions the main monitoring systems the brazilian forest service has developed are · forest product transportation vehicle tracking system ­ it tracks vehicles transporting forest products from and within forest concession areas · custody chain tracking system information on each inventoried tree can be followed from their cut dragging and transportation up to their place of sawing which en13

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sures that the origin of forest products can be tracked and traced within the forest management unit · independent forest audit system ­ the system ensures that each forest concession is audited within periods of no more than 3 years by institutions accredited by inmetro national institute of metrology standardization and industrial quality · the brazilian forest service works in cooperation with ibama and icmbio to ensure that public forests under forest concessions are controlled licensed and inspected 14

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jamari national forest participation and social control forest development national forest information system national forest information system o ne of the competences of the brazilian forest service stipulated by law 11,284 of 2006 is creating and maintaining the national forest information system snif the system aim isto collect produce organize store process and disseminate data information and knowledge about forests and the forestry sector in order to inform projects and policies that conciliate forest use with forest conservation in brazil the main information are government management of forest resources through the national forest management portal brazilian forests through the national forest inventory ifn and the forestry sector by disclosing socioeconomic information on the main production chains of the brazilian forestry sector as well as on forest training research and development programs and policies in addition to such regular information services the forest service produces information on its performance through annual management reports and information about brazil through reports related to international agreements such as the fra fao forest resource assessment and the itto international tropical timber organization questionnaire .the national forest inventory is at a final stage of methodological conception and institutional arrangements required for implementation at a national scale the main characteristics of ifn are · systematic sampling with sample points of approximately 20 x 20 km with sample units in conglomerates and collection of data from all points of the national grid 15

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