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touro college graduate mathematics sped 602 introduction to teaching students with disabilities professor daniel stein http schools.webhop.org/tourodstein602 z number 7digits 110z602 name nicole perrone path to file c documents 110z602sped3.doc touroresources602 nys mst standards lehrer.webhop.org schools.webhop.org/tourorlehrer blackboard bb-tc.touro.edu directions please remember to complete the header blue dots aboveby completing the asterisks save the completed file with your responses by replacing the 602 in the filename with your full 7 digit student number found on schools.webhop.org/tourodstein602 in your answers below where possible list key point as bullets where possible chapters 1 2 in introduction to special education making a difference read chapters 1 2 in introduction to special education making a difference answer the following questions 1 discuss barriers and challenges that are experienced today by people with disabilities and need to be overcome and explain how all of us can make a difference even though there has been a lot of progress made for individuals with disabilities they are still very underprivileged many adults with disabilities still have great difficulty when it comes to getting a job due to their lack or education or experience individuals with disabilities who have gotten the opportunity to have a job receive significantly less income than those who are not disabled students who have disabilities face a much larger rate of dropping out of school the students with disabilities find it much more difficult to hold onto a job and that is if someone gives them the opportunity to have a job everyone has the opportunity to make a difference the problem that many people face is that they do not know what to do to reach people with disabilities eric lipp is the founder of the open doors organization eric lipp has made a difference for many people with disabilities he has provided those with disabilities a way to travel and go wherever they would like 2 explain the concepts of disability and handicapped the concept of disability means different things to different people outsiders looking in may have a very different viewpoint than those who are directly involved with a person who has a disability the concept of disabilities appear different at time because different disabilities face different extremities the concept of handicapped refers to what society does to those who have a disability i disability is acquired by a person and they need to live and deal with it every single day a handicap is a stigma or stereotype used to place those with disabilities into a sort of minority group 3 explain five important approaches used to help students with disabilities access the general education curriculum c users nicole documents 110z602sped1.doc

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one approach that is used to help students with disabilities requires accommodations to be made for the student some accommodations that can be made for students with disabilities are altering the text for an assignment providing the student with an interpreter removing excess details from the appearance of the assignment or even providing audio versions of the book another approach in aiding to allow those with disabilities succeed in general education curriculum is making some modifications in this case a student with a disability may receive a slightly different assignment such as a poster or visual assignment rather than a written paper there is the universal design for learning the udl provides students with a way to access the curriculum in a non-standard way this allows students to understand the content of the material they are learning also sometimes students need some differentiated instruction to aid to their success differentiated instruction allows for adaptations to be made to cater to all different types of learners because of the increase in technology we can now assist student with disabilities using technology some students receive special equipment and others receive related services 4 explain in universal design for learning udl list the components of a udl lesson plan to be used later the universal design for learning allows students with an without disabilities to access their community this method strips away the barriers that have been created by society most of the time udl has technology found somewhere to provide an easy way for connections to be made the goal of the udl is ultimately achieved by created numerous pathways for all the different types of learners to access the content they are learning the universal design for learning provides ways for all students to have the opportunity to grasp any concept the components of the udl lesson plan allow teachers to create lesson that allow students full participation in general education classroom activities the udl lesson plan helps to increase the students access to those activities c users nicole documents 110z602sped1.doc

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chapters 3 4 in introduction to special education making a difference read chapters 3 4 in introduction to special education making a difference answer the following questions 1 explain what is meant by the term diverse diversity refers to the differences among individuals in society diversity is not a disability yet sometimes it places handicaps on the learning of the individual being diverse is what makes a person different yet unique sometimes individuals are labeled as culturally or linguistically diverse those culturally diverse have a foundation that is other than the typical american way those who are linguistically diverse may speak another language than english in their homes these challenges cause individuals to work through their so called handicaps sometimes when a person is labeled as diverse it means they have some special needs that have to be met 2 describe additional considerations that diverse students with disabilities and their families require some diverse students may require extra services to tend to their needs these students may need assistance with their english and they may be classified as esl students these students may require additional instruction in certain cases diverse students with disabilities need multicultural education multicultural education takes into account all cultural beliefs with educational instruction 3 describe speech impairments and language impairment speech impairments are comprised of the following three areas articulation fluency and voice speech impairments refer to when the speech is abnormal and tends to interfere with ones communication the articulation problems refer to when a person faces a problem with the sounds of certain letters or words when the sound becomes tampered with the result of the speech is incorrect the fluency refers to the flow of the words a common problem that people face is stuttering the last component of speech impairments is a voice problem which would be a problem of the pitch or loudness in the voice when a person has a language impairment they have difficulty with the sounds letters and symbols language impairments obtain a problem with the form content or use of language the form refers to the oral written or sign usage of language the content reflects the meaning of statements the use refers to being able to determine when what language is appropriate 4 discuss how classroom teachers can make a difference in the development of childrens language it is very important for parents and teachers of those as young as the preschool age to influence the development of childrens language sometimes children require early intervention programs to work on the development of their language skills sometimes c users nicole documents 110z602sped1.doc

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classroom teachers need to slightly modify their teaching style also sometimes students may need instructional activities geared toward their language barrier a classroom teacher should create a language sensitive environment which is a safe place where all language needs are supported some teachers may use content enhancement strategies these strategies help students to organize key concepts when understanding and learning c users nicole documents 110z602sped1.doc

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chapters 5 6 in introduction to special education making a difference read chapters 5 6 in introduction to special education making a difference answer the following questions 1 define response to intervention rti the response to intervention is a system of different stages that children can go through in order to determine whether they are opposed to instructional intervention this system works by providing students who are challenged in some way with certain opportunities to determine whether they are resistant or not 2 explain how an individuals response to intervention rti is assessed the rti is assessed in several different ways some are the following all of the students go through a universal screen during the fall time of every new school year any students who present the characteristics that indicate there is room for failure will receive intervention for the students who consistently express difficulty and are not performing up to par teachers and other leaders deliver intensive and individualized instruction when students who presented the issues presented above do not show improvement they are then referred for special education or recognized as having a learning disability 3 describe the characteristics of students with adhd some of the characteristics that students with adhd possess are hyperactive poor attention span impulsive social difficulties academic difficulties 4 identify various accommodations and classroom interventions used with students with adhd some accommodations and classroom interventions that are made within the classroom for students with adhd are reducing distractions receiving extended time during the work period use of a pointer to aid some visual issues visual cues and prompts preferential seating c users nicole documents 110z602sped1.doc

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breaking down activities and assignments peer tutoring providing learning strategies behavioral assessments organizers direct instruction in skills highly structured setting c users nicole documents 110z602sped1.doc

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chapters 7 8 in introduction to special education making a difference read chapters 7 8 in introduction to special education making a difference answer the following questions 1 define emotional or behavioral disorders ­ write at least one page emotional and behavioral disorders are difficult to define sometimes students get labeled just because an adult simply said they have a certain disorder when defining emotional disorders emotional excludes students whose disabilities are known as only behavioral this exclusions refers to students who are socially maladjusted socially maladjusted is used when referring to students with conduct disorders the students educational performance is only related to their academic progress and is not usually compared to their social performance life skills or vocational skills emotional and behavioral disorders are divided into three groups 1externalizing behaviors 2 internalizing behaviors and 3 low incidence disorders externalizing behaviors come across when someone is acting out in an aggressive impulsive manner internalizing behaviors are shown through withdrawing oneself or depression students who appear to have externalizing and internalizing behaviors are the two main groups of students who posses emotional and behavioral disorders there are two major reasons that it is difficult to estimate accurately the prevalence of emotional and behavioral disorders the first is that the definition remains unclear the second is because many are hesitant to label a child emotional and behavioral disorders can be present at any time and can stem from any background of a student i believe that no matter what if a teacher suspects a problem it should c users nicole documents 110z602sped1.doc

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be immediately addressed i feel this way because the students should get help as soon as he/she has the opportunity to 2 identify strategies for improving learning outcomes for students with emotional or behavioral disorders some strategies for improving learning outcomes for students with emotional or behavioral disorders are implement screening instruments provide students with early intervention use validated practices provide sound instruction that meets their 3 describe early intervention strategies and explain how they can help positive outcomes for students with emotional or behavioral disorders early intervention strategies allow opportunities for the parents and teachers to work with each to ensure the best possible outcome for the students the goal is to reduce the amount of inappropriate recommendations for special education this directly monitors the students progress this allows the teacher/parent to know when to either take a step back or initiate further help for the student in need early intervention is important because it can help the students who display small signs of emotional or behavioral problems from experiencing negative outcomes early invention allows the teacher to recognize when something is wrong and alter the path before it reaches a negative outcome 4 explain the four levels of supports and how they make a difference in the lives of people with mental retardation the four levels of supports are natural supports ­ these consist of the individuals own resources such as family friends classmates coworkers nonpaid supports ­ these consist of clubs or recreational activities the individual is involved with generic public supports ­ these consist of transportation and states human services specialized supports ­ these consist of special education early intervention and rehabilitation services the levels of support aid individuals dealing with mental retardation within their communities as well as their lives these support systems better the individuals quality of everyday life this allows them to function in society independently and perform the tasks of all other individuals regardless of their condition c users nicole documents 110z602sped1.doc

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5 describe two validated approaches that make a difference in the outcomes of students with mental retardation who are not fully accessing the general education curriculum self determination -instructs to ensure ability to make choices and decisions -incorporates self-advocacy -provides skills necessary for life independent lifestyle work and community life community based instruction -teaches skills within natural environments -uses practical and real resources during instruction -provides the settings for application of all the skills that have been learned -removes the student from ge setting for proper instruction c users nicole documents 110z602sped1.doc

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chapters 9 10 in introduction to special education making a difference read chapters 9 10 in introduction to special education making a difference answer the following questions 1 discuss the steps teachers should take to assist a student who is having a seizure the steps teachers should take to assist a student who is having a seizure are seek medical assistance create a safe place free from hazards loosen clothing protect the head from injury turn the person sideways to ensure free passage of air call an ambulance if lasting more than 5 min upon return of consciousness keep the individual calm and offer further assistance 2 explain how barriers that people with physical disabilities experience can be reduced and how students can be better prepared for increased community presence and participation barriers include coping with inaccessible environments where their impaired mobility hinders their participation in mainstream society dealing with bias rejection and discrimination difficulties living independently difficulties finding jobs social rejection by people without disabilities individuals require accessible physical and learning environment acceptance and understanding goals that foster independence accommodations for their individual learning physical and health needs special teaching scheduling counseling therapies equipment and technology 3 describe and justify universal hearing screening of newborns universal screening allows for the identification of hearing loss at birth reducing the average age of identification from 2 ½ to 3 years of age early identification allows for services to children and their families to begin immediately and sets the stage for better language and cognitive development 4 list the major types of assistive technology specifically designed for people with hearing problems and provide examples for each the major types of assistive technology specifically designed for people with hearing problems assistive listening devices both digital and analog hearing aids bte ite cic audio loop telecommunication devices captioning text telephone telecommunications relay service voice carry over speech to text translations real-time translations real-time captioning g-print speech recognition c users nicole documents 110z602sped1.doc

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alerting devices special signaling devices for alarms doorbells telephone rings c users nicole documents 110z602sped1.doc

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chapters 11 12 in introduction to special education making a difference read chapters 11 12 in introduction to special ed making a difference answer the following questions 1 discuss ways to accommodate the general education setting for students with visual disabilities the following are ways to accommodate the general education setting for students with visual disabilities using commonsense teaching strategies such as advance organizers oral summaries printed information and handouts of lectures positioning students with low vision where they can benefit most from each instructional activity close to the chalkboard away from the glare of a window eliminating dangerous obstacles and hazards providing organization expectations and consequences in the physical and instructional environments 2 describe types of assistive technology that benefit people with visual disabilities at school in the workplace and in independent living types of assistive technology that benefit people with visual disabilities at school in the workplaces and in independent living are visual aids enlarged print audio aids talking books talking watches and clocks audio descriptions tactile aids labels for household appliances tactile maps braille books text-to-braille software 3 discuss issues surrounding braille and reading literacy the issues surrounding braille and reading literacy are braille instruction is not consistently available not enough teachers are proficient in braille cognitive disabilities impede learning the individual needs and abilities of each student should be matched to reaching style in order for the suitable type of instruction to be implemented c users nicole documents 110z602sped1.doc

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chapters 13 in introduction to special education making a difference read chapters 13 in introduction to special ed making a difference answer the following questions 1 explain the major characteristics of students with multiple-severe disabilities difficulties with generalization situations settings and skills limited communication abilities poor memory need for ongoing and intensive support for many major life activities domestic leisure community participation vocational presence of at least two disabilities whose combination results in complex educational needs 2 describe district 75 nycdoe and how it is organized district 75 provides special programs for students who need additional support some students are challenging mentally and others are challenged emotionally these students receive aid to help them achieve all the academic goals that each individual has district 75 consists of 56 organizations home hospital instruction and vision and hearing services district 75 has over 310 sites 3 describe the population of d.75 and how these students are served the population consists of those autism spectrum have significant cognitive delays severely emotionally challenged sensory impaired the students are served by speech counseling physical therapy occupational therapy nursing these services are individualized and can be delivered in a small group and/or one-to-one setting all are geared to support student achievement both in school and in the community at large c users nicole documents 110z602sped1.doc

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